目的 了解亳州市中小学校教室采光和照明、教学和生活环境情况，为相关部门制定干预措施提供理论依据。方法 采用分层随机抽样方法抽取2022—2023年亳州市中小学校433所（小学361所，初中64所，高中8所），每所学校随机抽查2间教室，监测教室采光和照明、教学和生活环境相关指标，计算指标合格率并进行χ²检验。结果 亳州市2022—2023年中小学校教室采光和照明指标合格率由高到低依次为采光方向（99.77%，432/433）、防眩光措施（98.85%，428/433）、装设人工照明（91.22%，395/433）、黑板局部照明灯设置（74.83%，324/433）、窗地面积比（74.13%，321/433）、课桌面照度（72.29%，313/433）、课桌面均匀度（72.06%，312/433）、黑板均匀度（69.28%，300/433）、黑板照度（67.44%，292/433），其中小学（69.53%）、初中（75.00%）、高中（25.00%）黑板均匀度合格率差异有统计学意义（χ²=8.389，P=0.015）。亳州市中小学校教学和生活环境指标合格率由高到低依次为教室通风设施（99.08%，429/433）、课桌椅配备（90.30%，391/433）、教室人均面积（72.98%，316/433）、教学楼厕所及洗手设施设置（53.12%，230/433），其中各学段学校课桌椅配备（小学91.97%，初中89.06%，高中25.00%）（χ²=40.203，P=0.001）、教室人均面积（小学75.07%，初中65.63%，高中37.50%）（χ²=7.662，P=0.022）、教学楼厕所及洗手设施设置（小学48.75%，初中71.00%，高中100.00%）（χ²=18.864，P=0.001）合格率差异均具有统计学意义。结论 亳州市中小学校环境监测结果总体情况良好，但高中黑板均匀度、课桌椅配备及教室人均面积合格率较低。

Objective To understand the lighting conditions and teaching and living environments of classrooms in primary and secondary schools in Bozhou, and to provide a theoretical basis for relevant departments to formulate intervention measures. Methods A total of 433 primary and secondary schools (361 primary schools, 64 junior high schoolsand 8 senior high schools) in Bozhou were selected from 2022 to 2023 by stratified random sampling method. Two classrooms were randomly inspected in each school to monitor indicators related to classroom lighting, teaching and living environments. The qualification rates of these indicators were calculated, and chi-square tests were conducted. Results The qualification rates of classroom lighting and illumination indicators in primary and secondary schools of Bozhou from 2022 to 2023, in descending order, were as follows:lighting direction (99.77%, 432/433), anti-glare measures (98.85%, 428/433), installation of artificial lighting (91.22%, 395/433), blackboard local lighting setup (74.83%, 324/433), window-to-floor area ratio (74.13%, 321/433), desk surface illuminance (72.29%, 313/433), desk surface uniformity (72.06%, 312/433), blackboard uniformity (69.28%, 300/433), blackboard illuminance (67.44%, 292/433). There was a statistically significant difference in the qualification rate of blackboard uniformity among primary schools (69.53%), junior high schools (75.00%) and senior high schools (25.00%) (χ²=8.389, P=0.015). The qualification rates of teaching and living environment indicators in primary and secondary schools of Bozhou, in descending order, were as follows: classroom ventilation facilities (99.08%, 429/433), desk and chair provision (90.30%, 391/433), per capita classroom area (72.98%, 316/433), and toilet and handwashing facility setup in teaching buildings (53.12%, 230/433). There were statistically significant differences in the qualification rates of desk and chair provision (primary schools 91.97%, junior high schools 89.06%, senior high schools 25.00%) (χ²=40.203, P=0.001), per capita classroom area (primary schools 75.07%, junior high schools 65.63%, senior high schools 37.50%) (χ²=7.662, P=0.022), and toilet and handwashing facility setup in teaching buildings (primary schools 48.75%, junior high schools 71.00%, senior high schools 100.00%) (χ²=18.864, P=0.001) among different educational stages. Conclusion The overall environmental monitoring results of primary and secondary schools in Bozhou are good. However, the qualification rates for blackboard uniformity, desk and chair provision, and per capita classroom area in senior high schools are relatively low.