目的 了解2019—2023年阜阳市涉禽场所外环境中禽流感病毒的分布特点，为阜阳市禽流感防控工作提供科学依据。方法 采集2019—2023年阜阳市城乡活禽交易市场、规模家禽（含水禽）养殖场、农村散养户等场所外环境标本，使用实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法进行禽流感病毒核酸检测，计算阳性率并进行χ²检验。结果 2019—2023年阜阳市共采集禽流感外环境标本1 164份，594份A型流感病毒核酸阳性，阳性率为51.03%，其中H9亚型占比最高（96.13%，571/594）。2019—2023年阜阳市禽流感外环境监测阳性率分别为49.82%（136/273）、67.06%（57/85）、57.01%（126/221）、53.33%（96/180）、44.20%（179/405），差异有统计学意义（χ²=20.014，P<0.001）。禽流感外环境监测结果显示，阳性率居前3位的月份分别是1月（77.14%，54/70）、2月（67.78%，61/90）和5月（65.71%，46/70）；阳性率居前3位的县（市、区）分别为颍州区（60.63%，97/160）、界首市（53.38%、284/532）、颍东区（48.57%，34/70）和颍上县（48.57%，17/35）；阳性率居前3位的标本类型依次为禽饮用水（71.74%，66/92）、脱毛机擦拭拭子（57.26%，67/117）和清洗禽类污水（56.50%，100/177）。结论 阜阳市禽类交易市场外环境禽流感病毒阳性率较高，存在人感染禽流感病毒风险，建议加强禽类交易市场管理措施。

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of avian influenza viruses in external environments of poultry-related settings in Fuyang from 2019 to 2023, and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of avian influenza in Fuyang. Methods Samples from the external environment of urban and rural live poultry markets, large-scale poultry (including waterfowl) farms, and rural free-range households in Fuyang were collected from 2019 to 2023. Real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR was used for nucleic acid detection of the avian influenza virus, and the positive rate was calculated and chi-square test was conducted. Results A total of 1 164 samples of the external environment of avian influenza were collected in Fuyang from 2019 to 2023, 594 samples were positive for type A influenza virus nucleic acid, with a positive rate of 51.03%. Among these, the H9 subtype accounted for the highest proportion (96.13%, 571/594). The positive rates of external environment monitoring for avian influenza in Fuyang from 2019 to 2023 were 49.82% (136/273), 67.06% (57/85), 57.01% (126/221), 53.33% (96/180), and 44.20% (179/405), respectively, with statistically significant differences (χ²=20.014, P<0.001). The results of external environment monitoring for avian influenza showed that the top three months with the highest positive rates were January (77.14%, 54/70), February (67.78%, 61/90), and May (65.71%, 46/70). The top three counties (cities, districts) with the highest positive rates were Yingzhou District (60.63%, 97/160), Jieshou City (53.38%, 284/532), Yingdong District (48.57%, 34/70), and Yingshang County (48.57%, 17/35). The top three sample types in order of positive rate were poultry drinking water (71.74%, 66/92), swab samples from feather cleaning machines (57.26%, 67/117), and sewage from cleaning poultry (56.50%, 100/177). Conclusion The positive rate of avian influenza virus in the external environment of poultry trading markets in Fuyang is relatively high, posing a risk of human infection with the avian influenza virus. It is recommended to strengthen management measures in poultry trading markets.