目的 分析六安市中小学生超重肥胖与龋病共患状况及其影响因素，为制定科学的防控策略提供理论依据。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法，对全市11 637名中小学生进行监测，包括体格检查、口腔检查及问卷调查。运用χ²检验和多因素logistic回归分析，研究中小学生超重肥胖和龋病共患的相关影响因素。结果 六安市中小学生超重肥胖及龋病共患率为14.42%，市辖区（16.62%）高于县（11.99%），男生（15.18%）高于女生（13.45%），小学生（15.06%）和高中生（16.24%）高于初中生（11.90%），差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，过去一周吃油炸食物≥1次（OR=1.208，95%CI：1.066~1.368）、每天刷牙频率<2次（OR=1.192，95%CI：1.068~1.330）与超重肥胖和龋病共患风险呈正相关，县学生（OR=0.686，95%CI：0.614~0.766）、女生（OR=0.883，95%CI：0.794~0.981）、每天吃水果≥1次（OR=0.819，95%CI：0.674~0.996）与共患风险呈负相关（P均<0.05）。结论 六安市中小学生的性别、饮食和生活习惯与超重肥胖及龋病的共患相关。需加强相关宣传与干预，引导健康生活饮食习惯，预防超重肥胖和龋病的发生。

Objective To analyze the co-occurrence status and influencing factors of overweight/obesity and dental caries in primary and middle school students in Lu’an, and to provide theoretical basis for formulating scientific prevention and control strategies. Methods The stratified cluster random sampling method was used to monitor 11 637 primary and middle school students in Lu’an, including physical examinations, oral examinations, and questionnaire surveys. The χ² test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were employed to study the relevant influencing factors associated with the co-occurrence of dental caries and overweight/obesity among students. Results The co-occurrence rate of dental caries and overweight/obesity among primary and middle school students in Lu’an was 14.42%. The rate was higher in urban areas (16.62%) than in counties (11.99%), higher among boys (15.18%) than girls (13.45%), and higher among primary school students (15.06%) and high school students (16.24%) than junior high school students (11.90%). All these differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that consuming fried foods ≥1 time in the past week (OR=1.208, 95%CI: 1.066-1.368) and brushing teeth less than twice daily (OR=1.192, 95%CI: 1.068-1.330) were positively correlated with the risk of co-occurrence of dental caries and overweight/obesity. Conversely, living in the county (OR=0.686, 95%CI: 0.614-0.766), girls (OR=0.883, 95%CI: 0.794-0.981), and consuming fruits ≥1 time daily (OR=0.819, 95%CI: 0.674-0.996) were negatively correlated with the co-occurrence (P<0.05). Conclusions Gender, dietary and lifestyle habits of primary and middle school students in Lu’an are correlated with the co-occurrence of dental caries and overweight/obesity. It is necessary to strengthen relevant publicity and interventions to promote healthy living and dietary habits, thereby preventing the occurrence of dental caries and overweight/obesity.