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北京市石景山区中小学生视力监测结果及影响因素分析
Vision monitoring results and influencing factors among primary and secondary school students in Shijingshan District of Beijing
目的 分析北京市石景山区中小学生筛查性近视状况及其影响因素，为完善学生筛查近视防控政策提供依据。方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法，在石景山区抽取2所小学、2所初中、2所普高和1所职高，对小学4~6年级和初中、普高、职高1~3年级学生进行视力检测和筛查性近视影响因素问卷调查。采用多因素logistic回归模型（向前逐步法）分析筛查性近视的影响因素。结果 共1 959名中小学生完成调查，筛查性近视检出率为77.23%。多因素logistic回归分析显示，女性（OR=1.455，95%CI：1.166~1.815）、父母至少一方近视（OR=2.685，95%CI：2.149~3.354）、课间休息活动场所在教学楼内（OR=1.417，95%CI：1.107~1.815）、持续近距离用眼时间≥0.5 h（OR=1.333, 95%CI：1.063~1.671）以及家长不限制视屏时间（OR=1.437, 95%CI：1.148~1.799）的中小学生筛查性近视的可能性更高。结论 2024年北京市石景山区中小学生筛查性近视率较高，影响因素涉及性别、遗传、用眼行为及家长监督等方面。建议学校、家庭及相关部门协同干预，共同促进学生眼健康。
Objective To analyze the screening myopia status and influencing factors among primary and secondary school students in Shijingshan District of Beijing, and to provide basis for improving the prevention and control policies for students myopia. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select two primary schools, two junior high schools, two regular high schools, and one vocational high school in Shijingshan District. Students from grades 4-6 in primary schools and grades 1-3 in junior high schools, regular high schools, and vocational high schools underwent vision examinations and completed a questionnaire on factors influencing myopia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis (forward stepwise method) was used to identify factors associated with screening myopia. Results A total of 1 959 students completed the survey. The overall rate of screening myopia was 77.23%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that female (OR=1.455, 95%CI: 1.166-1.815), at least one parent with myopia (OR=2.685, 95%CI: 2.149 - 3.354), having break activities indoors (OR=1.417, 95%CI: 1.107-1.815), continuous near-work duration ≥ 0.5 h (OR=1.333, 95%CI: 1.063-1.671), and lack of parental restriction on screen time (OR=1.437, 95%CI: 1.148-1.799) were more likely to have screening myopia. Conclusions The rate of screening myopia among primary and secondary school students is relatively high in Shijingshan District of Beijing in 2024. The influencing factors are associated with gender, genetics, eye use habits, and parental supervision. Collaborative interventions involving schools, families, and relevant departments are recommended to promote students’ eye health.
中小学生 / 筛查性近视 / logistic回归 / 影响因素
Primary and secondary school students / Screening myopia / Logistic regression / Influencing factors
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