目的 评估2026年安徽省各类突发公共卫生事件的发生风险，并提出风险管理建议。方法 使用德尔菲法确定风险评估议题，基于2021—2025年安徽省突发公共卫生事件、传染病监测数据等资料采用专家会商法进行风险评估，明确各议题在不同月份的关注级别、重点关注地区和场所。结果 2026年安徽省需关注的风险议题共23个，其中传染病类议题19个（82.61%）、其他议题4个（17.39%）。2026年第一季度需重点关注流行性感冒（流感）、百日咳、诺如病毒胃肠炎和非职业性一氧化碳中毒；第二季度需重点关注新型冠状病毒感染、结核病、手足口病和发热伴血小板减少综合征；第三季度需重点关注新型冠状病毒感染、霍乱、基孔肯雅热、登革热、急性血吸虫病、食源性疾病暴发事件和高温中暑；第四季度需重点关注流感、水痘和人感染新亚型流感。霍乱、发热伴血小板减少综合征、布鲁氏菌病、流行性出血热、输入性疟疾和急性血吸虫病的重点关注地区具有明显地域性。托幼机构及学校是关联风险议题最多的重点关注场所（涉及10个议题），其次为家庭（涉及8个议题）。风险管理建议主要包括深化部门协同、加强监测预警、规范开展疫情处置、加强医疗救治与病例管理、推动疫苗接种和持续做好健康教育6个方面。结论 2026年安徽省需关注的突发公共卫生事件风险以传染病类为主，不同议题的重点关注月份、地区和场所存在差异。应在流行高峰期前落实卫生应急准备工作，探索构建多病同防机制，切实落实各项防控措施。

Objective To assess the risk of various public health emergencies in Anhui Province in 2026, and propose risk management recommendations. Methods The Delphi method was used to identify risk assessment topics. Based on data of public health emergencies and infectious disease surveillance in Anhui Province from 2021 to 2025, expert consultation method was employed to evaluate risks, and identified priority levels, key focus regions and venues of each topic across different months. Results A total of 23 risk topics are required attention in Anhui Province in 2026, including 19 infectious diseases topics (82.61%) and 4 other topics (17.39%). In the first quarter of 2026, the key focuses should be on influenza, pertussis, norovirus gastroenteritis, and non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning. In the second quarter, key focuses are coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), tuberculosis, hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). In the third quarter, key focuses are COVID-19, cholera, chikungunya fever, dengue fever, acute schistosomiasis infection, foodborne disease outbreaks, and heatstroke. In the fourth quarter, key focuses are influenza, varicella (chickenpox), and human infection with novel influenza subtype. Cholera, SFTS, brucellosis, epidemic hemorrhagic fever (EHF), imported malaria, and acute schistosomiasis show obvious regional characteristics in terms of priority areas. Kindergartens and schools are the priority settings with the highest number of associated risk topics (10 topics), followed by households (8 topics). Risk management recommendations mainly include six aspects: deepening inter-departmental collaboration, strengthening surveillance and early warning, conducting standardized epidemic response, enhancing medical treatment and case management, promoting vaccination programs, and sustaining health education. Conclusions In 2026, the public health risks of emergencies requiring attention in Anhui Province are predominantly infectious diseases, with differences in key months, regions, and venues for various risk topics. Health emergency preparedness measures should be implemented before the peak epidemic periods. Efforts should be made to explore and establish a multi-disease prevention mechanism to ensure the effective implementation of all prevention and control measures.