目的 分析江苏省仪征市将2剂次水痘疫苗纳入免疫规划对水痘流行特征的影响，为制定和完善水痘疫苗免疫规划提供科学依据。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法，比较免疫规划实施前（2018—2022年）与实施后（2023—2024年）水痘发病资料，分析报告发病率、时间、地区、人群分布及暴发疫情变化。结果 免疫规划实施后仪征市水痘年均报告发病率为75.18/10万，较免疫规划实施前（112.54/10万）下降33.20%。仪征市水痘报告发病呈双峰分布，主高峰为11月至次年1月，次高峰为5—7月。男性报告发病率降幅（35.97%）高于女性（30.05%）。0~4岁组、5~9岁组和≥25岁组报告发病率显著下降（降幅分别为69.17%、60.47%和25.26%），但10~14岁组上升（增幅为28.48%）。学生始终为主要发病人群。免疫规划后幼儿园和小学暴发疫情显著减少，第2剂次接种率从2.99%上升至96.37%。结论 2剂次水痘疫苗免疫规划策略显著降低了低龄儿童报告发病率、减少了疫情暴发，但青少年报告发病率呈上升趋势。应继续提高接种覆盖率，并加强对青少年的监测与防控。

Objective To analyze the impact of incorporating a two-dose varicella vaccine in the immunization program in Yizheng City, Jiangsu Province on the epidemiological characteristics of varicella, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating and improving the varicella vaccine immunization program. Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was employed to compare varicella incidence data before (2018-2022) and after (2023-2024) the implementation of the immunization program. The reported incidence rate, and temporal, regional, population distributions, and changes in outbreaks were analyzed. Results After the implementation of the immunization program, the average annual reported incidence rate of varicella in Yizheng was 75.18/100 000, which decreased by 33.20% compared to the period before implementation (112.54/100 000). The reported incidence of varicella in Yizheng exhibited a bimodal distribution, with the main peak occurring from November to January of the following year and the secondary peak from May to July. The decrease in the reported incidence rate in males (35.97%) was higher than that in females (30.05%). The reported incidence rates significantly decreased in the 0-4, 5-9 and ≥25 age groups (decreased by 69.17%, 60.47% and 25.26%, respectively), but increased in the 10-14 age group (increased by 28.48%). Students consistently constituted the main affected population. After the immunization program, outbreaks in kindergartens and primary schools significantly decreased, and the coverage rate of the second dose increased from 2.99% to 96.37%. Conclusion The two-dose varicella vaccine immunization strategy significantly reduces the reported incidence rate and outbreaks among young children, but the reported incidence rate among adolescents shows an upward trend. It is necessary to continue to improve vaccination coverage and strengthen surveillance, prevention and control among adolescence.