目的 了解安徽省农村地区宫颈癌筛查诊断为宫颈癌及癌前病变患者的生存情况，为进一步完善安徽省宫颈癌筛查项目工作提供依据。方法 整理2010—2021年安徽省农村适龄妇女“两癌”免费筛查项目数据，选取通过宫颈细胞学检查、醋酸染色/复方碘染色检查、阴道镜和病理活检方法，最后诊断为宫颈癌及癌前病变的患者，通过全员人口信息平台查询、电话随访、入户调查等方式随访其生存情况。采用寿命表法计算宫颈癌患者5年生存率，采用Kaplan-Meier法、log-rank检验进行生存分析。结果 共筛查确诊出16 163例宫颈癌及癌前病变患者。获得生存情况的患者有15 552例，其中宫颈癌前病变患者14 523例（占93.38%），宫颈癌患者1 029例（占6.62%），死亡149例（占0.96%）。宫颈癌患者5年生存率为94.81%，不同年龄、不同文化程度、既往是否接受过宫颈癌检查、是否为宫颈微小浸润癌、不同地区的宫颈癌患者生存率比较差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。结论 安徽省农村地区宫颈癌筛查出的宫颈癌患者生存率较高，应进一步扩大宫颈癌筛查覆盖面，从而早期发现宫颈癌及癌前病变患者。

Objective To investigate the survival outcomes of patients diagnosed with cervical cancer or precancerous lesions through cervical cancer screening in rural areas of Anhui Province, and to provide a basis for further improving the cervical cancer screening project in Anhui Province. Methods Data were collected from the free screening program for breast and cervical cancer among rural women age in Anhui Province from 2010 to 2021. Patients who were ultimately diagnosed with cervical cancer or precancerous lesions through cervical cytology, visual inspection with acetic acid/iodine, colposcopy, and pathological biopsy were enrolled. Their survival outcomes were followed up through the total population information platform, telephone interviews, and household surveys. The 5‑year survival rate of patients with cervical cancer was calculated using the life‑table method. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan‑Meier method and log‑rank test. Results A total of 16 163 patients with cervical cancer and precancerous lesions were screened and diagnosed. Among them, 15 552 patients had survival data, including 14 523 cases (93.38%) of cervical precancerous lesions and 1 029 cases (6.62%) of cervical cancer, with 149 deaths (0.96%). The 5‑year survival rate of patients with cervical cancer was 94.81%. No statistically significant differences in survival rate were observed among cervical cancer patients with different age, educational level, previous cervical cancer screening history, status of microinvasive cervical cancer, and region (P>0.05). Conclusion The survival rate of patients diagnosed with cervical cancer through screening in rural areas of Anhui Province is relatively high. It is necessary to further expand the coverage of cervical cancer screening to the early detection of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions.