2024年亳州市中小学生营养状况和饮食行为分析

祝一田; 雷延东; 张彩艳; 焦畅; 贾夫峰

doi:10.19837/j.cnki.ahyf.2026.03.013

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安徽预防医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3) : 240-244. DOI: 10.19837/j.cnki.ahyf.2026.03.013

食品与营养

2024年亳州市中小学生营养状况和饮食行为分析

作者信息 +

Nutritional status and dietary behaviors among primary and secondary school students in Bozhou in 2024

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文章历史 +

摘要

目的了解亳州市中小学生营养状况及其与饮食行为的关系，为改善学生营养状况提供科学依据。方法 2024年9—11月，采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法，对亳州市中小学生进行问卷调查和体格测量，分析学生的营养状况及其影响因素。结果 2024年亳州市共调查6 583名中小学生，营养不足检出率为3.11%，超重肥胖检出率为38.78%。男生的营养不足、超重肥胖检出率均高于女生（χ²=12.866、132.713，P均<0.001），且营养不足（χ²_趋势=4.215，P=0.040）和超重肥胖（χ²_趋势=8.509，P=0.004）检出率随学段升高呈下降趋势。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，男生发生营养不足的风险高于女生（OR=1.714，95%CI：1.274~2.306），高中（OR=0.655，95%CI：0.442~0.971）、从来不吃或有时吃早餐（OR=0.617，95%CI：0.448~0.850）与营养不足低风险相关。男生（OR=1.856，95%CI：1.675~2.056）、每日新鲜水果摄入1次及以上（OR=1.143，95%CI：1.027~1.272）、每日蔬菜摄入1次及以上（OR=1.177，95%CI：1.051~1.319）、从来不吃或有时吃早餐（OR=1.222，95%CI：1.099~1.360）与超重肥胖高风险相关。初中（OR=0.880，95%CI：0.782~0.989）和高中（OR=0.811，95%CI：0.709~0.928）学生发生超重肥胖的风险低于小学4~6年级学生。结论亳州市中小学生营养不足和营养过剩现象同时存在，且营养过剩问题较为突出。男生发生营养不足和营养过剩的风险高于女生，从来不吃或有时吃早餐与中小学生超重肥胖的高风险相关。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the nutritional status and it's association with dietary behaviors among primary and secondary school students in Bozhou City, and to provide scientific basis for improving students' nutritional status. Methods From September 2024 to November 2024, primary and secondary school students in Bozhou were selected by multistage stratified cluster sampling method for questionnaire survey and physical examination. The nutritional status of the students and its influencing factors were analyzed. Results In 2024, a total of 6 583 primary and secondary school students in Bozhou City were surveyed. The detection rate of undernutrition was 3.11%，overweight and obesity was 38.78%. Boys had higher detection rates of undernutrition, overweight and obesity compared to girls (χ²=12.866, 132.713, both P<0.001)，the detection rates of undernutrition (χ²_trend=4.215, P=0.040), overweight and obesity (χ²_trend=8.509, P=0.004) showed a decreasing trend with increasing of grade level. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that， boys were at a higher risk of undernutrition than girls (OR=1.714, 95%CI: 1.274-2.306), senior high school (OR=0.655, 95%CI: 0.442-0.971), never or sometimes eating breakfast (OR=0.617, 95%CI: 0.448-0.850) were associated with lower risk of undernutrition. The boys (OR=1.856, 95%CI: 1.675-2.056), consuming fresh fruit once or more daily (OR=1.143, 95%CI: 1.027-1.272), consuming vegetables once or more daily (OR=1.177, 95%CI: 1.051-1.319), never or sometimes eating breakfast (OR=1.222, 95%CI: 1.099-1.360) were associated with higher risk of overweight and obesity. Junior (OR=0.880, 95%CI: 0.782-0.989) and senior (OR=0.811, 95%CI: 0.709-0.928) high school students had a lower risk of overweight and obesity than primary school students in grades 4 to 6. Conclusion Both undernutrition and overnutrition coexist among primary and secondary school students in Bozhou City, with overnutrition being the more prominent issue. Boys have a higher risk of both undernutrition and overnutrition than girls, never or sometimes eating breakfast was associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students.

导出引用

祝一田, 雷延东, 张彩艳, 等. 2024年亳州市中小学生营养状况和饮食行为分析[J]. 安徽预防医学杂志. 2026, 32(3): 240-244 https://doi.org/10.19837/j.cnki.ahyf.2026.03.013

ZHU Yitian, LEI Yandong, ZHANG Caiyan, et al. Nutritional status and dietary behaviors among primary and secondary school students in Bozhou in 2024[J]. Anhui Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2026, 32(3): 240-244 https://doi.org/10.19837/j.cnki.ahyf.2026.03.013

中图分类号： R153.2

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