目的 了解2014 年安徽省农村生活饮用水卫生监测状况, 为加强安徽省农村饮用水水质监测提供科学依据。方法 以全省所有涉农县(区)的60%乡镇为监测点,按照《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T5750-2006)中有关规定进行水样的采集和检测,共采集6 152份水样,监测18项指标,按《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)为评价依据。结果 安徽省2014年水质合格率为57.1%,其中集中式供水水质合格率分别为58.7%,学校自建设施水质合格率为48.6%,分散式供水水质合格率为36.5%。以溪水为水源的水样合格率(37.5%)最低,江河(61.7%)、湖泊(64.3%)次之,水库(66.9%)最高;以浅井为水源的水样合格率(37.0%)最低,深井(58.5%)次之,泉水(69.4%)最高。全省农村水质单项指标合格率较低的前5项指标分别是:游离性余氯、二氧化氯、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群和菌落总数,其水质合格率分别为53.6%、72.8%、75.0%、85.0%和91.5%。结论 农村饮用水水质合格率偏低,尤其是分散式供水,存在安全卫生较大隐患。

Objective To investigate the health monitoring situation of rural drinking water in Anhui province in 2014, and provide scientific basis for strengthening the monitoring of drinking water quality. Methods There were 60% towns of all agricultural counties (districts) in Anhui province for monitoring points. We used the "standard examination methods for drinking water" (GB/T5750-2006) as the acquisition and detection of water samples, and the "drinking water health standards" (GB5749- 2006) as the evaluation basis. Results The qualified rate of water quality was 57.1% in 2014, with the qualified rate of centralized water supply as 58.7%, school water quality as 48.6%, and the distributed water as 36.5%. The qualified rate of stream water as a source of water was the lowest (37.5%), followed by rivers (61.7%), lake (64.3%) and reservoir (66.9%). The qualified rate of shallow well as a source of water was the lowest (37.0%), followed by deep well (58.5%) and spring water (69.4%). The first 5 indicators with low qualified rate were the total number of free chlorine, chlorine dioxide, total coliform, thermo tolerant coliform bacteria and total number of colonies. Conclusion The qualified rate of drinking water in rural areas weie relatively low, especially for the distributed water supply, which had security and health risks.