目的 进一步掌握安徽省农村饮用水水质卫生状况及其变化趋势。方法 按照《全国农村饮水安全工程卫生监测技术方案》的要求,在安徽省涉农县(市、区)60%以上的乡镇,开展农村地区生活饮用水水质监测,每个监测点在枯水期和丰水期各检测1次,每次采集出厂水、末梢水水样。结果 2年来,共监测3 174个工程,采取完全处理的集中式供水工程占53.0%,消毒方式主要是二氧化氯消毒,占59.0%;其次是漂白粉消毒,占16.8%。2年共监测水样12 075份,合格水样7 253份,水质总体合格率为60.1%,集中式供水合格率最高,其次是学校自建式供水,分散式供水合格率为最低(χ²=104.71,P<0.001 )。出厂水水质合格率高于末梢水(χ²=9.81,P<0.05),枯水期水质合格率高于丰水期(χ²=47.77,P<0.001),地面水水质合格率高于地下水(χ²=54.90,P<0.001);监测指标以总大肠菌群合格率最低,为79.1%,其次是耐热大肠菌群和菌落总数,分别为86.9%、89.4%。结论 安徽省农村居民生活饮用水水质中微生物指标合格率偏低,存在介水传染病发生的潜在风险,应引起相关部门高度重视。

Objective To explore the health status and regular trend of drinking water quality in rural areas of Anhui province. Methods Drinking water point was monitored in more than 60% of our rural counties in Anhui province, according to the "National Sanitary Surveillance Scheme for Rural Drinking Water Projects ", and each monitoring point was measured in the dry season and wet season, including the product water and the tap water samples. Results A total of 3 174 points were monitored with 53% of complete treatment projects in 2014-2015, with 59.0% disinfection method of the chlorine dioxide disinfection, 16.8% of bleaching powder(16.8%) disinfection. A total of 12 075 tap-water samples with 7 253 eligible samples (eligible rate: 60.1%) were tested in the 2 years.The qualified rate of centralized water supply was the highest, followed by the school supply, and qualified rate of scattered water supply was the lowest (χ²=104.71, P<0.001). The qualified rate of product water was significantly higher than that of tap water (χ²=9.81, P<0.05), and the qualified rate of the dry season was significantly higher than that of the wet season (χ²=47.77,P<0.001), and the qualified rate of surface water was significantly higher than that of groundwater (χ²=54.90,P<0.001). The lowest qualified rate of monitoring index was total coliform bacteria colony (79.1%), followed by thermotolerant coliform bacteria (86.9%) and the total number of colonies (89.4%). Conclusion The low qualified rate of microbial indicators in Anhui province was the main influencing factor on qualified rate of drinking water in rural areas, which was also the potential risk of waterborne infectious diseases and the spread of waterborne diseases.