目的 通过监测资料分析,了解安徽省农村地区土壤铅、镉及蛔虫卵污染状况,为有关部门治理和保护土壤,改善农村土壤卫生状况提供依据。方法 自2011年开始,选择并固定安徽省24个县(区)连续6年开展监测,每年每县选择5个乡镇,每个乡镇选择4个行政村作为监测点,每个监测点每年7~8月监测一次,每次采集村中田地土壤1份,监测土壤的pH值;蛔虫卵数、蛔虫卵活卵数;铅、镉含量等内容。结果 安徽省24个监测县(区)2011～2016年农村地区2 880份土壤样品中,铅含量为(15.91±14.42) mg/kg,镉含量为(0.37±0.43) mg/kg,铅超标率为0.03%,镉超标率为26.31%;蛔虫卵阳性土壤有737份,阳性率为25.57%,活卵样品510份,阳性率为17.71%,蛔虫卵和活卵阳性率有随着年份增加呈下降的趋势(蛔虫卵:χ²=30.94,P<0.001,活卵:χ²=17.89,P<0.001);农村土壤镉超标率及蛔虫卵阳性率存在地区分布差异。结论 安徽农村地区农田土壤中镉污染现象严重,蛔虫卵及活卵阳性率较高。安徽地区农村环境保护及改厕、粪便无害化处理工作仍需加强。

Objective To investigate the lead, cadmium and ascaris ova infection in rural areas of Anhui province from 2011 to 2016. Methods We selected 24 counties to investigate, 5 towns were selected from each county (excluding county town), and 4 villages were selected from each town as monitoring points. The lead, cadmium soil pollution and ascaris ova infection were monitored once time at each monitoring point during July to August per year from 2011-2016. Results The results for soil lead pollution was 15.91 ± 14.42mg/kg , for cadmium soil pollution was 0.37 ± 0.43 mg/kg from the 2880 soil samples in the 24 monitoring counties from 2011 to 2016. According to the "Environmental quality standard for soil" (GB 15618 - 2008), the exceed rate of soil lead pollution was 0.03%, the exceed rate of soil cadmium pollution was 26.3%. 737 samples were positive for ascaris from 2880 soil samples, and the positive rate was 25.6%. There were 510 samples of live Ascaris ova, and the positive rate was 17.7%. The positive rate of Ascaris ova and live ova showed a decreasing trend with the increase of year (ascaris ova:χ²=30.94, P<0.001, live ova:χ²=17.89, P<0.001). There were regional distribution differences in rural soil lead, cadmium and ascaris ova pollution. Conclusion The soil cadmium pollution in rural area of Anhui province was seriou,and the positive rates of ascaris ova and live ova were high. Anhui rural environmental protection and lavatory improvement and manure harmless treatment work still need to be strengthened.