目的 为了解普洱市外环境中禽流感病毒的分布情况,评估普洱市人禽流感的发生风险,以便采取有针对性的防控措施。方法 2014～2017年每年冬春季采集不同场所各种类型环境标本246份,采用荧光RT-PCR法检测流感病毒A型核酸,阳性样品进一步做H5、H7、H9亚型及N亚型的核酸分型检测。监测数据采用Excel软件进行统计分析。结果 246份禽流感外环境样本,流感病毒A型总阳性检出率为24.80%,其中H9、H5亚型高致病性禽流感病毒阳性检出率分别为7.72%和4.88%,H5和H9亚型同时阳性检出率为2.03%,四年均未检测出H7亚型。全部阳性标本均在活禽交易市场检出,阳性检出率为41.50%;以清洗禽类污水(71.79%)和宰杀或摆放禽肉案板表面拭子的样品(55.26%)阳性检出率较高。结论 普洱市外环境中存在禽流感病毒H5、H9等亚型污染,并且活禽交易市场是人感染禽流感的高风险场所。

Objective To understand the distribution pattern of avian influenza virus in the environment and evaluate the risk of avian influenza to human population in Puer,so as to take the control measures. Methods From 2014 to 2017, 246 avian influenza specimens were collected from different locations in various environments in each winter and spring. Influenza A virus nucleic acid was detected using florescent RT-PCR, and those specimens tested positive were further subject to nucleic acid typing of the H5, H7, H9 or N subtype. Statistical analysis was performed on the surveillance data using Excel software. Results Among the 246 avian influenza specimens collected from the environment, the total positivity for influenza A virus was 24.80%. 7.72% and 4.88% of the specimens positive for influenza A virus were positive for the highly pathogenic subtypes H9 and H5, respectively, and 2.03% of these specimens were positive for both the H5 and H9 subtypes; the H7 subtype was not detected throughout the 4 years. All the positive specimens were detected in live poultry market, accounting for the positivity of 41.50%. Among different specimen types, those collected from waste water produced from animal treatment and those collected from swabs of poultry meat board had the highest positivity (71.79% and 55.26%, respectively). Conclusion Contamination with the avian influenza virus subtypes including H5 and H9 is present in the environment of Puer city.Live poultry market is a high risk of human infection with avian influenza.