目的 编制《医学大学生亚健康状况问卷》并检验其信效度。方法 通过文献查阅和专家咨询,形成包含52条目的问卷初稿;采用随机整群抽样于2016年5月选取某高校1 200名学生进行测试,通过专家咨询、项目分析和探索性因子分析形成正式问卷。运用因子分析评价问卷的结构效度,运用信度检验评价问卷的信度。结果 回收有效问卷1 186份(占98.83%)。最终问卷包含42条目,3个维度,累计方差贡献率59.06%,问卷的总Cronbach′s α系数为0.834,分半信度为0.735。躯体维度含23条目,产生7个公因子,累计方差贡献率62.80%,Cronbach′s α系数为0.660~0.819,分半信度为0.549~0.734;社会适应维度含10条目,产生2个公因子,累计方差贡献率为51.20%,Cronbach′s α系数为0.799和0.673,分半信度为0.735和0.648;心理维度含9条目,产生1个公因子,累计方差贡献率49.32%,Cronbach′s α系数为0.870,分半信度为0.817。结论 《医学大学生亚健康状况问卷》具有较好的信度和效度,可以作为测评大学生亚健康状况的有效工具。

Objective To design a questionnaire for sub-health status of college students and analyze its reliability and validity. Methods Based on literature review and expert consultation, an initial questionnaire with 52 items was formed. A random sample including 1200 students was conducted a questionnaire survey. Formal questionnaire was formed through expert consultation, project analysis and exploratory factor analysis. Factor analysis and reliability analysis were used to analyze the validity, and the reliability. Results A total of 1186 valid questionnaires were callback(98.83%). The formal questionnaire contained 42 items and 3 dimensions with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 59.06%. The Cronbach′s α coefficient equaled to 0.834, the split half reliability equaled to 0.735. The body dimension contained 23 items and 7 common factors, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 62.80%, and the Cronbach′s α coefficient fluctuated between 0.660 and 0.819, the split half reliability fluctuated between 0.549 and 0.734. The social adaptation dimension contained 10 items and 2 common factors with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 51.20%, the Cronbach′s α coefficients were 0.799 and 0.673, the split half reliability were 0.735 and 0.648. The psychological dimension contained 9 items and 1 common factor with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 49.32%, the Cronbach′s α coefficient was 0.870, the split half reliability was 0.817. Conclusion The questionnaire of sub-health status for college students had good reliability and validity. It could be used as an effective tool to evaluate the sub-health status of college students.