目的 了解芜湖市2012～2016年幼托儿童传染病发病特点,探讨科学的针对性更强的防控对策和措施。方法 收集2012～2016年芜湖市幼托儿童法定传染病报告发病资料,采用描述性流行病学方法,分析幼托儿童传染病发病的流行病学特征,暴发疫情发生特点及防控面临问题。结果 2012～2016年芜湖市共报告幼托儿童法定传染病17个病种10 274例,无甲类传染病报告。年平均报告发病率为23.99‰。报告死亡1例,为2016年狂犬病死亡。手足口病、流行性腮腺炎、其它感染性腹泻、细菌性痢疾和流行性感冒为发病主要病种。发病呈现季节性,发病高峰为4～6月,次高峰为11月。城镇地区幼托儿童报告发病数占54.59%。Ⅰ类疫苗针对传染病712例,报告发病率为1.66‰,远低于非Ⅰ类疫苗针对性传染病的报告发病率。2012～2016年芜湖市幼托机构传染病暴发疫情20起,罹患率为6.11%;其中手足口病暴发18起,诺如病毒感染暴发疫情2起。结论 芜湖市幼托儿童报告传染病发病率比较高,手足口病、流行性腮腺炎、流行性感冒是幼托儿童的主要传染病。有效地预防接种对降低传染病发病水平具有重要作用。

Objective To study epidemiological characteristics of legal infectious diseases among kindergarten children in Wuhu prefecture from 2012 to 2016,for exploing the scientific targeted prevention and control measures. Methods Reports on the notifiable infectious diseases of children in Wuhu prefecture from 2012 to 2016 were collected. Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze characteristics of infected children's infectious diseases, characteristics of outbreak and problems of prevention and control. Results From 2012 to 2016, 17 cases of notifiable infectious diseases in 10274 children were reported in Wuhu, Class A infectious disease was reported none. The average annual report incidence was 23.99‰. 1 cases of rabies death were reported. Hand foot and mouth disease, epidemic parotitis, other infectious diarrhea, bacillary dysentery and influenza are the main diseases. The onset was seasonal, the peak incidence was in 4-6 months, and the secondary peak was in November. The number of young children reported in urban areas accounted for 54.59%.Infectious diseases Class I vaccine aimed at were 712 cases and the reported incidence was 1.66 per thousand, far below the reported incidence of other infectious diseases. A total of 20 cases of public health emergencies and related information were reported in the kindergarten, the incidence rate was 6.11%. Among them, 18 outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease, 2 outbreaks of norovirus infection. Conclusion The incidence of infectious diseases in kindergarten children in Wuhu was high. Hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD), mumps and influenza were the main infectious diseases. Effective preventive inoculation should play an important role in reducing the incidence of infectious diseases.