目的 了解洪涝灾害地区相关传染病报告发病水平,分析洪涝灾害对传染病发病的影响。方法 收集2016年洪涝灾害地区的69个县(市区)和非灾害地区36个县(市区)的传染病发病资料,同时收集2015年和2017年同类地区相关传染病发病资料,另外,现场调查灾民安置场所医疗点的诊疗服务情况、灾民居住环境、生活饮用水和饮食情况、灾区消毒杀虫措施落实情况。采取分析流行病学方法,重点分析洪涝灾害相关的11种传染病发病水平,比较灾害发生期间、灾前及灾后传染病报告发病水平。结果 2016年洪涝灾害发生期间,灾害地区相关传染病报告发病率74.77/10万,非受灾地区为76.04/10万,前者低于后者1.67%;灾害地区受灾期间与灾前和灾后比较,灾期相关传染病报告发病率均下降。近三年比较显示,2016年灾害期间与2015年和2017同期比较比较,相关传染病报告发病率均低于这两个年份,灾后(9~12月)与2015年同期比较,相关传染病报告发病率上升5.74%,与2017年同期比较下降21.79%,2016年9-12月非灾区相关传染病报告发病率与2015年和2017比较均上升。2016年灾害地区甲型肝炎和戊型肝炎报告发病水平与非灾害地区比较差异无统计学意义(χ²_甲肝=2.226,P>0.05;χ²_戊肝=3.178 P>0.05)。2016年灾害地区与灾害相关的11种传染病共发生暴发疫情8起,其中发生在灾害期间和灾后各1起,2015年和2017年相同地区分别报告9起和52起,6~8月和9~12月报告起数多于2016年同期。结论 2016年安徽省洪涝灾害相关传染病报告发病水平比较平稳,实现了大灾之后无大疫防控目标。

Objective To understand the report incidence rates of related communicable diseases in flood disaster areas,and discuss the effects of flood disaster on the incidence of communicable diseases. Methods The surveillance data of communicable disease in flood disaster areas (contain 69 counties) and non-disaster areas (contain 36 counties) in 2016 was collected, meanwhile collect the surveillance data from the same areas in 2015 and 2017. The situation of medical treatment in temporary shelter medical centers, living condition, drinking water and diet, implementation of disinfection and insecticidal measures were investigated in flood disaster areas. The Pearson chi-square tests were used to compare the report incidence rate of 11 kinds of flood disaster related diseases in the period of disaster versus pre-disaster and post-disaster. Results The report incidence rate of flood disaster related diseases in disaster areas was 74.77 per 100 000, while in non-disaster areas it was 76.04 per 100 000, there was 1.67% lower in disaster areas than non- disaster areas. Compared with pre-disaster and post-disaster, the report incidence rate was lower during the disaster period. Compared with 2015 and 2017, the report incidence rate was lower in 2016. In the post-disaster period, the report incidence rate in 2016 was 5.74% higher than in 2015 and 21.97% lower than in 2017, while in non-disaster areas it was both higher in 2016 than in 2015 and in 2017. There were no significant difference of the report incidence rate of hepatitis A and hepatitis E between disaster areas and non-disaster areas. A total of 8 public health emergencies among the 11 kinds of flood disaster related diseases were reported in 2016, while it was 9 and 52 in 2015 and in 2017, respectively. The public health emergencies reported during disaster and post-disaster in 2016 were less than in 2015 and in 2017. Conclusion The incidence of related communicable diseases is relatively stable the during the flood disaster period in 2016 in Anhui province. It achieved the goal of preventing major post-disaster epidemics.