目的 了解安徽省淮河流域地区成人居民癌症预防相关知识知晓以及态度行为状况。方法 在安徽省5个县区采用多阶段分层随机抽样,选取18岁及以上常住居民进行面对面询问调查,收集调查对象人口统计学信息,癌症预防相关知识知晓、态度和行为等信息。结果 有效样本量为3 995人,对吸烟和过量饮酒增加癌症发病风险的知晓情况比例较高,分别为90.1%和71.6%,然而对病毒细菌感染、不合理饮食、肥胖、职业因素和水土壤等环境污染对癌症的影响知晓水平较低,分别为35.1%、33.6%、19.5%、23.2%和41.6%,仅有2.7%的调查人群知晓生殖因素是癌症的危险因素。除病毒细菌感染、职业因素和生殖因素外,其他危险因素知晓情况比例均为男性高于女性(均有P<0.05);除吸烟外,其他危险因素知晓比例随年龄增加均呈递减趋势(均有P<0.05)。认为通过有效预防、早期发现与治疗可以减少癌症的调查对象比例分别为63.1%和60.2%。认为多吃新鲜水果蔬菜、改变不良行为和饮食习惯可以预防癌症者比例分别为58.5%、66.1%, 76.9%的调查人群认为食用发霉的粮食会致癌。愿意接种乙肝疫苗者的比例为80.6%,然而乙肝疫苗接种率仅为42.8%。知识态度知晓情况比例男性均高于女性(均有P<0.05),且随年龄增加均呈下降趋势(均有P<0.05)。20.0%的人饮食重盐,9.7%者喜欢吃偏烫食物,28.3%者家中接通洁净的自来水。调查人群现在吸烟率为29.5%,12个月高频率饮酒率为15.8%,男性均高于女性(均有P<0.05)。 结论 安徽省淮河流域地区成人居民对癌症相关危险因素知晓情况比例较低(吸烟和过量饮酒除外),乙肝疫苗接种率不高,尤其是高年龄组人群。虽然调查人群对吸烟和过量饮酒是癌症的危险因素知晓情况比例较高,但是吸烟和高频率饮酒行为仍然普遍存在。

Objective To understand the awareness, attitude and behavior of cancer prevention related knowledge among adults in Huaihe areas of Anhui province. Methods Using multi-stage cluster random sampling method, residents aged 18 years old and above were recruited from 5 counties. Data on demographic information and health-related knowledge, attitude and behavior were collected by face to face interview. Results A total of 3 995 subjects aged ≥18 years were included in the study. The ratio of awareness of smoking and excessive drinking to increase the risk of cancer were 90.1% and 71.6%, respectively. However, the awareness of the effects of environmental pollution, such as virus infection, irrational diet, obesity, occupational factors and water soil on cancer, were 35.1%, 33.6%, 19.5%, 23.2% and 41.6%, respectively. Only 2.7% of the survey population knew that reproductive factors were risk factors for cancer. In addition to viral bacterial infection, occupational factors and reproductive factors, the awareness rate of other risk factors were higher in males than in females (all P< 0.05). Except smoking, the awareness rate of other risk factors decreased with age increasing (all P<0.05).The awareness rates of effective prevention, early detection and treatment to reduce cancer were 63.1% and 60.2% respectively. The awareness rates of eating more fresh fruit and vegetables, changing bad behavior and eating habits to prevent cancer were 58.5% and 66.1%. 76.9% of the respondents believed that eating moldy food could cause cancer. The proportion of people willing to be vaccinated against hepatitis B was 80.6%, but the rate of hepatitis B vaccination was only 42.8%. The percentages of knowledge and attitude awareness in males were higher than those in females (all P< 0.05), and decreased with age (all P< 0.05). 20.0% subjects were salt diet, 9.7% liked to eat partial hot food, and 28.3% families didn't connect clean tap water. The smoking rate of the survey population was 29.5%, the rate of subjects drinking alcohol frequently was 15.8%, which was higher in men than in women (all P<0.05). Conclusion The awareness rate of cancer related risk factors among adult residents in Huaihe areas of Anhui was low (except for smoking and excessive drinking), and the rate of hepatitis B vaccination was not high, especially in the high age group. Smoking and high-frequency drinking were still common, although the proportion of people surveyed who knew that smoking and excessive drinking were risk factors for cancer was high.