目的 通过对安庆市医用放射人员健康状况进行调查分析,探讨接触医用放射线对人体健康的影响,指导放射防护及干预措施的制定。方法 采用普查的方法对安庆市789名医用放射人员进行职业性健康检查。结果 789名医用放射人员高血压患病率为7.86%,心电图异常率为20.3%,腹部B超疾病阳性率为45.6%。男性放射人员血糖异常率高于女性放射人员,差异有统计学意义(χ²=17.67,P<0.01)。20年以上工龄人群眼晶状体异常率(12.21%)高于1~9年、10~19年工龄组(1.08%、4.35%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=35.77,P<0.01);男性眼晶状体异常率6.37%,女性1.00%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=9.529,P<0.01)。10年以上工龄的放射人员染色体畸变率增加,不同工龄医用放射人员染色体畸变率差异有统计学意义(χ²=6.025,P<0.05);普通放射人员染色体畸变率24.77%,放疗、介入与核医学工种染色体畸变率分别为10.29%、10.34%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=12.92,P<0.01)。结论 长期接触低剂量的辐射会给人体眼、细胞遗传物质、心脏、血液等多系统带来不同程度地损伤,且损伤随工龄的增加而逐渐加重,存在受照剂量-效应关系。

Objective Through the investigation and analysis of the health status of medical radiation personnel in Anqing City, the impact of exposure to medical radiation on human health are explored and the development of radiological protection and intervention measures are guided. Methods A census method occupational health check is used to conducted on 789 medical radiologists in Anqing City. Results The prevalence of hypertension in 789 medical radiologists is 7.86%, the abnormal rate of electrocardiogram is 20.3%, and the positive rate of abdominal B-ultrasound is 45.6%. The abnormal rate of blood glucose in male radiation workers is higher than that in female radiation workers, and the difference is statistically significant (χ²=17.67,P<0.01).What's more, 12.21% of personnel who work for more than 20 years suffer the abnormal crystalline lens, while only 1.08% of those who work for no less than 10 years and 4.35% of those who work for 10-19 years suffer the abnormal crystalline lens. The difference is statistically significant (χ²=35.77, P< 0.01 ). The abnormal rate of lens in male eyes is 6.37% and that in females is 1.00% and that the difference is statistically significant (χ²=9.529, P<0.01). The chromosome aberration rate of radiation workers with more than 10 years of service increased, and the difference of chromosome aberration rate among medical workers with different working ages is statistically significant (χ²=6.025, P<0.05).And that the chromosome aberration rate of ordinary radiation personnel is 24.77%, and the chromosome aberration rates of radiotherapy is 10.29% and interventional and nuclear medicine is 10.34%, respectively, and the difference is statistically significant (χ²=12.92,P<0.01). Conclusion Long-term exposure to low-dose radiation can cause different degrees of damage to human eyes, cellular genetic material, heart, blood and other systems, and the damage gradually increases with the increase of working age, which is associated with the exposure to the doses of radiation.