目的 通过调查诺如病毒感染性腹泻暴发疫情,分析疫情发生的原因和影响因素。方法 采用现场流行病学调查方法对疫情发生情况开展调查,采集相关标本检测诺如病毒核酸。结果 该起疫情共发现病例109例,罹患率为28.1%。临床表现主要为呕吐(98.96%)、腹痛(75.00%)、恶心(68.75%)和腹泻(28.13%)。10份患者肛拭子标本中2份GII型诺如病毒核酸阳性。病例均为参加春游研学活动的学生,高年级学生罹患率高于低年级学生。病例对照研究结果显示发病前3 d接触患者(OR=5.52,95%CI=2.03~15.02)、直接接触呕吐物(OR=12.62,95%CI=1.2~133.16)是本次疫情发生的危险因素,使用洗手液或肥皂(OR=0.15,95%CI=0.06~0.43)是保护因素。结论 该起疫情由诺如病毒感染引起,做好病例隔离治疗,规范环境消毒,加强手卫生宣传和食品卫生安全管理是预防学校诺如病毒疫情暴发的有效措施。
Abstract
Objective By investigating the outbreak of norovirus infectious diarrhea,the causes and influencing factors of the outbreak were analyzed. Methods Field epidemiological survey was used to investigate the epidemic situation and collect relevant samples to detect norovirus nucleic acid. Results A total of 109 cases were found in the epidemic,with the incidence of 28.1%.The main clinical manifestations were vomiting (98.96%),abdominal pain (75.00%),nausea (68.75%) and diarrhea (28.13%).10 anal swabs and 2 of them were positive for GII norovirus.All the cases were students who participated in the spring outing research activities,and the morbidity rate of senior students was higher than that of junior students.The results of case-control study showed that contact with patients three days before the onset (OR=5.52,95% CI=2.03-15.02) and direct contact with vomitus (OR= 12.62,95% CI=1.2-133.16) were the risk factors for the outbreak,and the use of hand sanitizer or soap (OR=0.15,95% CI= 0.06-0.43) was the protective factor. Conclusion The epidemic was caused by norovirus infection.The effective measures to prevent the outbreak of norovirus in schools included isolation treatment,environmental disinfection,hand hygiene publicity and food safety management.
关键词
诺如病毒 /
疾病暴发 /
传染病 /
卫生应急 /
学校卫生
Key words
Norovirus /
Outbreak /
Infectious diseases /
Health emergency /
School health
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