目的 通过调查三水区一起小学流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情,分析疫情发生原因,探讨含腮腺炎成分疫苗接种对疫情控制的影响。方法 根据传染病报告信息管理系统流行性腮腺炎监测数据及现场流行病学调查资料,分析三水区某小学流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情特点,疫情发生原因及含腮腺炎成分疫苗接种水平对腮腺炎发病的影响。结果 三水区某小学发生流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情,疫情持续64d,累计42名学生发病,罹患率1.38%,六年级学生罹患率高于其他年级学生罹患率(χ²=124.54,P＜0.05),六年级学生既往接种1剂次含腮腺炎成分疫苗保护率为46.67%,疫情暴发期间,六年级学生应急接种率为29.59%,应急接种疫苗保护率为100%,调查发现共有6例流腮病例学校未及时隔离是暴发疫情发生的主要影响因素。结论 首发病例没有及时隔离,疫情期间学校组织班级交叉考试,可能是该起暴发疫情发生的主要原因,六年级学生既往接种1剂次含腮腺炎成分疫苗保护效果不理想、应急接种率低、是该起疫情持续蔓延的重要因素。

Objective To investigate an outbreak of mumps in primary schools in Sanshui District, analyze the causes of the outbreak, and explore the effect of mumps component vaccination on epidemic control. Methods According to the monitoring data of mumps in the information management system of infectious diseases report, and the data of field epidemiological investigation, this paper analyzed the characteristics of the outbreak of mumps in a primary school in Sanshui District, the causes of the outbreak and the influence of the level of mumps component vaccination on the incidence of mumps. Results There was an outbreak of mumps in a primary school in Sanshui District, which lasted for 64 days.The incidence of mumps in 42 students was 1.38%.The incidence of mumps in Grade 6 was higher than that in other grades (χ²= 124.54,P<0.05),the protection rate of one dose of mumps containing vaccine for Grade 6 students was 46.67%, the emergency vaccination rate of grade 6 students was 29.59%, and the emergency vaccination protection rate was 100%.It was found that 6 mumps cases were not isolated in school in time. Conclusion Failure to isolate the first case in time and the school’s cross-examination of classes during the epidemic may be the main reason for the outbreak.The previous vaccination of grade 6 students with mumps containing component vaccine was not ideal, and the low emergency vaccination rate may be important factors in the continuous spread of the epidemic.