目的 了解孕妇补碘现状,探讨食用海带对孕妇的补碘效果,为指导孕妇科学补碘提供理论依据。方法 抽取344名孕妇,调查基本情况和补碘情况;再选取调查前1周内未食用富碘食品孕妇,要求不改变日常家庭食用盐的前提下1次食用海带,统计食用海带量,检测所食用海带碘含量和孕妇食用海带前1 d晨尿和食用海带后1 W内每日晨尿尿碘,观察尿碘水平变化。结果 共调查344名孕妇,除吃碘盐外184名孕妇调查前1周内补过碘,160名孕妇调查前1周内未补过碘,补碘措施均为食用海产品,补碘周期均为随机性。104名孕妇纳入补碘干预研究,每人平均食用海带量为(42.39±13.28) g,所食用海带平均碘含量为(1.09±0.78) mg/g,食用海带前1日尿碘含量与食用海带后第1天、第2天、第3天尿碘含量差异均有统计学意义(Z₁=-4.639 ,Z₂=-3.361,Z₃=-2.500,P值均＜0.05),食用海带后第1天尿碘水平升至最高,然后逐渐降低,第4天恢复至食用前水平。结论 碘营养不足的孕妇除坚持食用合格碘盐外,每周食用1次海带,基本能够保障碘营养水平。

Objective To understand the current situation of iodine supplement for pregnant women,and to explore the effect of kelp on iodine supplement for pregnant women,so as to provide theoretical basis for scientific iodine supplement for pregnant women. Methods A total of 344 pregnant women were selected to investigate the basic situation and iodine supplement. Then pregnant women who did not eat iodine rich food within one week before the survey were selected to eat kelp once without changing the daily household edible salt. The amount of kelp consumed was counted,the iodine content of kelp consumed was detected,the urine iodine of pregnant women in the morning before eating kelp and in the morning after eating kelp was detected,and the change of urine iodine level was observed. Results A total of 344 pregnant women were surveyed. In addition to eating iodized salt,184 pregnant women received iodine supplementation and 160 pregnant women who did not receive iodine supplementation within 1 week before the survey. The complementing strategy was all via eating seafood and the complementing cycle were all random. 104 pregnant women participated in the iodine supplementation intervention study,the average consumption of kelp was (42.39 ± 13.28) g,and the average iodine content of the consumed kelp was (1.09±0.78) mg / g. There were significant difference between the content of iodine urine and the content of iodine after eating kelp on the first,second and third day (P＜0.05). The urine iodine level was the peak on the first day after kelp,then gradually decrease,return to pre-edible level on the 4th day. Conclusion In addition to eating qualified iodized salt,pregnant women with iodine deficiency should eat kelp once a week,which can basically guarantee the iodine nutrition level.