目的 调查武陵山区农村12~16岁学生营养状况和生活方式,分析影响因素。方法 分层整群抽取武陵山区5所农村中小学12~16岁学生650人进行体格测试和问卷调查,并对影响学生营养状况的因素进行logistic回归分析。结果 调查650名学生,营养不良、超重肥胖检出率分别为3.84%、12.62%。男生营养不良检出率高于女生(7.20%VS0.90%) (χ²=17.615,P＜0.05),女生超重肥胖检出率高于男生(17.40% VS 10.50%) (χ²=6.342,P＜0.05);小学段营养不良检出率高于初中段(5.58% VS 0.84%)(χ²=9.173,P＜0.05),初中段超重肥胖检出率高于小学段(18.49% VS 11.65%)(χ²=5.803,P＜0.05)。父母支持体育锻炼(OR=0.407,95%CI:0.210~0.788)是营养不良的保护因素,男生(OR=8.169,95%CI:2.365~28.218)、体育课感觉很累大汗淋漓(OR=2.372,95%CI:1.181~4.765)是该地区营养不良的影响因素。男生(OR=0.578,95%CI:0.349~0.957)是超重肥胖的保护因素,经常喝牛奶(OR=1.501,95%CI:1.099~2.049)、不进行体格测试(OR=1.838,95%CI:1.162~3.483)是该地区超重肥胖的影响因素。结论 武陵山区12~16岁农村学生营养不良与超重肥胖问题并存,贫困地区学生的营养问题应引起关注。

Objective To investigate the nutritional status and lifestyle of students aged 12 to 16 in rural Wuling Mountain District and analyze the influencing factors. Methods A total of 650 students aged 12 to 16 in 5 rural primary and secondary schools in Wuling Mountain District were randomly selected to conduct physical examination and questionnaire survey,and the possible influencing factors were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Results The detection rates of malnutrition and obesity among 650 students were 3.84% and 12.62%,respectively.Malnutrition detection rate of male students was higher than that of female students (7.20% VS 0.90%) χ²=17.615,P＜0.05),and the detection rate of overweight-obesity in female students was higher than that in male students (17.40% VS 10.50%) (χ²=6.342,P＜0.05).The detection rate of malnutrition in primary school was higher than that of junior middle school (5.58% VS 0.84%) (χ²=9.173,P＜0.05),the detection rate of overweight-obesity in junior middle school was higher than that in primary school (18.49% VS 11.65%) (χ²=5.803,P＜0.05).Parental support for physical exercise (OR=0.407,95% CI:0.210~0.788) were the protective factors of malnutrition,male students (OR=8.169,95%CI:2.365~28.218),feel tired and sweaty in physical education class (OR= 2.372,95% CI:1.181~4.765) were risk factors for malnutrition in the region.In addition,male students (OR=0.578,95% CI:0.349 to 0.957) was a protective factor for overweight obesity,and drinking milk regularly (OR=1.501,95%CI:1.099~2.049),the absence of physical testing (OR=1.838,95% CI:0.996~3.390) were risk factors for overweight-obesity in the region. Conclusion Malnutrition and overweight-obesity among rural students aged 12 to 16 in Wuling Mountain should be focused on and effective intervention measures in a timely manner should be adopted.