目的 了解蚌埠市中小学生近视水平,探讨近视影响因素。方法 采用多阶段分层简单随机抽样方法,抽取蚌埠市11所中小学生检查视力,问卷调查影响学生视力相关因素,使用logistic回归分析模型分析学生近视发生的影响因素。结果 从近视率来看,高中生＞初中生＞小学4～6年级,城区高于郊县,女生高于男生,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.001)。将单因素分析差异有统计学意义的影响因素纳入多因素logitic回归分析,性别作为控制变量,男生和女生近视共同的影响因素包括户外活动不到1 h(OR_男生=2.504,OR_女生=2.750)、在校不做眼保健操(OR_男生=1.905,OR_女生=2.261)、课外补习班(OR_男生=1.427,OR_女生=1.492)、持续用眼时间超过30 min不休息(OR_男生＞1.000,OR_女生＞1.000)、睡眠不足(OR_男生=2.529,OR_女生=2.654)和父母一方或双方近视(OR_男生＞1.000,OR_女生＞1.000),而使用移动电子产品则是影响男生近视的主要因素之一(OR=1.409);将学段作为控制变量时,户外活动时间不足、父母一方或双方近视是全学段学生近视共同影响因素(OR＞1.000)。此外,使用移动电子产品(OR=1.335)、在校不做眼保健操(OR=1.750)、睡眠不足(OR=1.770)和课外补习班(OR=1.661)是小学生近视影响因素,而课后作业用时2 h以上(OR=1.500)和睡眠不足(OR=1.650)则是初中生近视的主要影响因素。结论 近视发生受到多种因素影响,不同学段、性别学生近视影响因素存在不同,应针对性地采取相关干预措施。

Objective To understand the level of myopia in primary and secondary school students in Bengbu City,and to explore the factors affecting myopia. Methods A multi-stage stratified simple random sampling method was used to select students from 11 primary and secondary schools in Bengbu City for vision screening and questionnaire surveys.The influencing factors of students’ myopia were analyzed using a logistic regression analysis model. Results For high school students,junior high school students,and elementary school students in grades 4~6,myopia rates decreased in that order.Urban students had higher myopia rates than suburban county students,and female students had higher myopia rates than male students.All differences were statistically significant (P＜0.001).Statistically significant influencing factors different in the univariate analysis were included in the multivariate logitic regression analysis.Gender was used as a control variable.Common factors affecting myopia in males and females included outdoor activity for less than 1 hour (OR_male=2.504,OR_female=2.750),not doing eye exercises at school (OR_male =1.905,OR_female=2.261),attending extracurricular classes (OR_male=1.427,OR_female=1.492),using eyes for more than 30 minutes without rest (OR_male ＞1.000,OR_female＞1.000),lack of sleep (OR_male=2.529,OR_female=2.654),and one or both parents being myopia (OR＞1.000).The use of mobile electronic devices was one of the main factors affecting myopia in males (OR=1.409).When using the academic period as a control variable,insufficient outdoor activity time and myopia in one or both parents were the common myopia influencing factors in the whole school period (OR_male＞1.000,OR_female＞1.000).Moreover,the use of mobile electronic devices (OR=1.335),not doing eye exercises at school (OR=1.750),lack of sleep (OR=1.770) and attending extracurricular classes (OR=1.661) were factors affecting myopia in primary school students.After-school homework for more than 2 hours (OR=1.500) and lack of sleep (OR=1.650) were the main factors affecting myopia in junior high school students. Conclusion The occurrence of myopia is affected by various factors.Factors influencing myopia differ among students of different grades and genders,and relevant interventions should be targeted.