目的 通过分析公共场所集中空调通风系统抽检结果,探讨影响集中空调通风系统合格率的因素。方法 随机抽取合肥市22个使用集中空调通风系统的公共场所,检测空调送风中可吸入颗粒物(PM₁₀)、细菌总数、真菌总数、新风量、风管内表面细菌总数、风管内表面真菌总数、空调风管内表面积尘量、冷却水及冷凝水嗜肺军团菌。检测及评价依据《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》(WS 394—2012)。结果 检测22家公共场所,总合格率为77.27%,其中17家场所检测指标合格率100.00%。13家宾馆酒店,10家合格,合格率为76.90%,其他场所合格率为77.78%,差异无统计学意义(P_Fisher=1.000)。空调送风中真菌总数合格率最低,为77.27%,其次为空调送风中细菌总数,合格率为81.82%,空调风管内表面细菌总数及真菌总数合格率均为95.45%,其余指标合格率均为100.00%。结论 合肥市集中空调通风系统抽检合格率不容乐观,空调送风微生物污染是影响合格率的主要因素。

Objective To explore the influencing factors of the qualification rate of central air-conditioning ventilation system by analyzing the sampling results of central air conditioning ventilation system in public places. Methods 22 public places using central air conditioning ventilation system in Hefei were randomly selected to detect the inhalable particulate matter (PM₁₀),total bacteria,total fungi,fresh air volume,total number of bacteria on the inner surface of air duct,total number of fungi on the inner surface of air duct,dust amount on the surface of air duct,Legionella pneumophila in cooling water and condensate water.Detection and evaluation based on the “hygienic code for Central Air Conditioning and Ventilation System in Public Places” (WS 394—2012). Results was no statistically significant difference in the qualified rate of testing indicators in hotels and other places (P_Fisher = 1.000).The total number of fungi in the air conditioner supply air had the lowest qualified rate of 77.27%,followed by the total number of bacteria in the air conditioner supply air with a qualified rate of 81.82%.The qualified rates of the total number of bacteria and fungi on the inner surface of the air conditioning duct were 95.45%,and the qualified rates of the other indicators were 100.00%. Conclusion The qualified rate of sampling inspection of central air conditioning ventilation system in Hefei is not optimistic,and the microbial pollution of air supply is the main factor affecting the qualified rate.