目的 分析歙县2016—2020年农村生活饮用水微生物污染状况,评估介水传播传染病的风险。方法 按照《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750—2006),采集2016—2020年歙县28个乡镇枯水期和丰水期农村生活饮用水水样760份,进行微生物指标菌落总数、大肠菌群和耐热大肠菌群检测。依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)对水样微生物指标结果进行评价。结果 共检测农村生活饮用水水样760份,合格率为73.03%(555/760),年度合格率呈上升趋势(χ2趋势=57.644,P＜0.001);丰水期水样合格率高于枯水期,差异有统计学意义(χ2=26.512,P＜0.001),出厂水与末梢水水样合格率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.167,P=0.744);3项微生物指标中耐热大肠菌群合格率最高(81.32%),总大肠菌群合格率最低(73.82%),三者差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.831,P＜0.001);完全处理水样合格率高于不完全处理水样合格率,差异有统计学意义(χ2=42.533,P＜0.001)。结论 近5年歙县农村生活饮用水微生物指标合格率不高,存在介水传染病传播风险,需要加强对农村生活饮用水的管理和监测,保障饮水安全,保护居民身体健康。
Abstract
Objective To analyze the microbial contamination of rural drinking water in She County from 2016 to 2020,and to assess the risk of transmission of infectious diseases by water. Methods According to the "Standard Test Methods for Drinking Water" GB/T 5750—2006,760 rural drinking water samples were collected from 28 towns in She County in 2016—2020 during the dry and abundant water periods.The total number of microbial indicators,coliforms and heat-resistant coliforms were detected on the collected samples.According to "Drinking Water Hygiene Standard" (GB 5749—2006),the microbiological indicators of the water samples were evaluated. Results A total of 760 rural drinking water samples were tested,with a qualified rate of 73.03% (555/760),with an increasing trend in the annual qualified rate χ2trend=57.644,P<0.001).The qualified rate of water samples in the abundant water period was higher than that in the dry water period,and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=26.512,P<0.001).There was no statistically difference between the qualified rate of the factory water and the peripheral water samples (χ2=0.167,P=0.744).Among the three microbial indicators,the qualified rate of heat-resistant coliform was the highest (81.32%),and of total coliform was the lowest (73.82%),the difference between the three was statistically significant (χ2=14.831,P<0.001).The qualified rate of completely treated water samples was higher than that of incompletely treated water samples,with a significant difference(χ2=42.533,P<0.001). Conclusion In the past 5 years,She County rural drinking water microbiological indicators qualified rate report shows that there is a risk of infectious disease transmission by water.It is necessary to strengthen the management and monitoring of rural drinking water to protect the health of residents.
关键词
生活饮用水 /
农村 /
微生物 /
健康危害因素 /
监测
Key words
Drinking water /
Rural /
Microorganism /
Health hazard factors /
Monitor
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