目的 了解江西省萍乡市湘东区重点寄生虫病感染现状,为制订防控措施提供科学依据。方法 2016—2019年在湘东区按地理方位,每年随机抽取5个乡镇(街道)的5个行政村为筛查点,以自然村(村民小组)为单位,整群抽取3周岁以上居民150人,共750人,进行重点寄生虫病的筛查。采用改良加藤厚涂片法(一粪二检)镜检查土源性线虫虫卵;对3～9岁儿童加做透明胶纸肛拭法镜检查蛲虫虫卵。结果 2016—2019年共检测3 220人,检出土源性线虫感染51人,总体感染率为1.58%(51/3 220),发现蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫、蛲虫四种土源性线虫,以蛲虫感染为主,占比80.39%(41/51),蛲虫感染率为1.27%(41/3 220),蛲虫感染人数中3～9岁儿童占87.80%(36/41)。2016—2019年土源性线虫各年度感染率分别为0.46%、1.18%、1.73%、3.20%,年度与感染率存在线性趋势相关,有统计学意义(χ²_趋势=19.687,P<0.001);2016—2019年蛲虫各年度感染率分别为0.23%、1.06%、1.73%、2.27%,年度与感染率存在线性趋势相关,有统计学意义(χ²_趋势=14.872,P<0.001);男女性别土源性线虫感染率差异无统计学意义(χ²=1.163,P=0.281);不同年龄感染率差异有统计学意义(χ²=115.156,P<0.001);不同职业人群感染率差异有统计学意义(χ²=57.264,P<0.001)。结论 3～9岁儿童的蛲虫感染率在萍乡市处于较高水平,且逐年有上升的趋势。今后应加强对幼儿教师及家长的健康宣教,引导儿童建立良好的卫生习惯,降低乃至消除儿童蛲虫病。

Objective To understand the infection status of key parasitic diseases in Xiangdong District,Pingxiang City,Jiangxi Province,and to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control measures. Methods From 2016 to 2019,five administrative villages in five townships (streets) were randomly selected in Xiangdong District according to their geographical location every year.Taking natural villages (villagers' groups) as a unit,150 residents over the age of 3 were selected in a cluster,with a total of 750 people,to screen for key parasitic diseases.The eggs of soil-borne nematodes were examined by modified Kato thick smear method (one stool and two examinations).Children aged 3 to 9 years old were additionally examined for enterobius vermicularis eggs with transparent tape anal swab. Results A total of 3 220 people were tested in 2016-2019,51 of whom were infected with soil-borne nematodes,with an overall infection rate of 1.58% (51/3 220).Four kinds of soil-borne nematodes were found,namely,ascaris lumbricoides,hookworm,trichuris trichiura,and enterobius vermicularis.The majority of them were infected with enterobius vermicularis,accounting for 80.39% (41/51).The infection rate of enterobius vermicularis was 1.27% (41/3 220).Children aged 3 to 9 years accounted for 87.80% (36/41) of the total infected with enterobius vermicularis.In 2016-2019,the annual infection rates of soil-borne nematodes were 0.46%,1.18%,1.73% and 3.20%,respectively.There was a linear trend between the year and the infection rate,which was statistically significant(χ²_trend=19.687,P<0.001).The annual infection rates of enterobius vermicularis from 2016 to 2019 were 0.23% ,1.06% ,1.73% and 2.27% ,respectively.There was a linear correlation between the year and the infection rate(χ²=14.872,P<0.001).There was no significant difference in infection rate of soil-borne nematodes between male and female(χ²=1.163,P=0.281).There were significant differences in infection rates among different ages(χ²=115.156,P<0.001).The difference of different occupational infection rates was statistically significant(χ²=57.264,P<0.001). Conclusion The infection rate of enterobius vermicularis,mainly among children aged 3 to 9 years old,is at a high level in Pingxiang City,and has a rising trend year by year.In the future,health education for preschool teachers and parents should be strengthened to guide children to establish good health habits,then reduce or even eliminate enterobius vermicularis disease in children.