目的 通过分析发热伴血小板减少综合征(SFTS)流行病学调查资料,了解SFTS流行特征、早期发现的可能性及传播因素。方法 根据“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”中的“传染病报告信息管理系统”巢湖市SFTS病例信息及流行病学调查资料,采用 SPSS 20.0软件分析SFTS的流行特征,根据病例就诊情况和临床特点,识别早期发现可能性。结果 2018—2022年累计报告巢湖市SFTS病例152例,年均发病率3.96/10万,年均病死率22.37%。48.03%的病例首诊在基层医疗机构,临床症状多系统表现,所有病例均在地市级医疗机构确诊。病例主要发生在4—10月(150例,占98.68%),发病高峰集中在4—7月和10月,全市所有乡镇(街道)均有病例发生,60岁以上的农民是SFTS发病和死亡的主要人群,患有基础性疾病的老年人,感染新型布尼亚病毒(SFTSV)后,死亡风险增加。蜱虫叮咬或有田间(野外)活动史是感染风险因素。结论 巢湖市SFTS发病存在明显的季节性,呈高度散发状态,60岁以上的老年人病死风险高,高发季节应加强监测预警,提高早期发现能力。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological survey data of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and understand the epidemiological characteristics, possibility of early detection, and transmission factors of SFTS. Methods According to the case information and epidemiological investigation data of SFTS in Chaohu City in the "Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System" of "Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information System", SPSS 20.0 software was used to analyze the epidemic characteristics of SFTS, and the possibility of early detection was identified according to the medical situation and clinical characteristics of cases. Results From 2018 to 2022, 152 SFTS cases were reported in Chaohu City, with an average annual incidence rate of 3.96/100 000 and an average annual case fatality rate of 22.37%.48.03% of cases were first diagnosed in grassroots medical institutions, with multiple systemic manifestations of clinical symptoms.All cases were confirmed in municipal medical institutions, with limited human-to-human transmission and hidden infection.The cases mainly occurred from April to October (150 cases, accounting for 98.68%), and the incidence peak was concentrated from April to July and October, with cases occurring in all townships (streets) of the city.Farmers over 60 years old were the main population of SFTS incidence and death.Elderly people with basic diseases had an increased risk of death after being infected with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV).Tick bites or a history of field activity were risk factors for infection. Conclusion The incidence of SFTS in Chaohu City has obvious seasonality and is highly sporadic.Elderly people over 60 years old have a high risk of death.During the high incidence season,monitoring and early warning should be strengthened to improve early detection capabilities.