目的 分析孝昌县孕妇和儿童尿碘水平,评价该人群碘营养状况。方法 2020—2022年,每年从孝昌县12个乡镇随机抽取8~10岁学龄儿童200人、孕妇100人作为监测对象,采集监测对象随机尿样,3年共收集尿样900份,采用砷铈催化分光光度测定方法检测尿碘。结果 8~10岁儿童中,男生尿碘中位数为252.8 μg/L,女生尿碘中位数为214.5 μg/L。不同性别儿童尿碘水平分布比较差异无统计学意义(χ²=3.682,P=0.303),不同年龄儿童尿碘水平分布比较差异有统计学意义(χ²=24.180,P＜0.001)。孕早期49人,尿碘中位数185.0 μg/L,碘缺乏(尿碘含量＜150 μg/L)14例,占28.6%;碘过量(尿碘含量≥500 μg/L)5例,占10.2%。孕中期158人,尿碘中位数为234.9　μg/L,碘缺乏48例,占30.4%;碘过量18例,占11.4%。孕晚期93人,尿碘中位数为258.6 μg/L,碘缺乏29例,占31.2%;碘过量11例,占11.8%。不同孕期孕妇尿碘水平分布比较差异无统计学意义(χ²=7.906,P=0.251),不同年度儿童和孕妇尿碘水平分布差异均有统计学意义(χ²_儿童=57.091,P＜0.001;χ²_孕妇=72.040,P＜0.001)。结论 孝昌县孕妇和儿童的碘营养状况良好。

Objective To understand the urinary iodine levels of pregnant women and children in Xiaochang County,and to evaluate the iodine nutritional status of this population. Methods From 2020 to 2022,300 people were randomly selected from 12 towns in Xiaochang County as the key monitoring population every year,including 200 school-age children aged 8 to 10 and 100 pregnant women.A total of 900 random samples of urine were collected in the three years.The urinary iodine levels were detected by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometric method. Results In children aged 8-10,the median of urinary iodine was 252.8 μg/L in boys and 214.5 μg/L in girls.There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of urinary iodine levels between boys and girls (χ²=3.682,P=0.303).There was statistically significant difference in the distribution of urinary iodine levels in children of different ages (χ²=24.180,P<0.001).There were 49 cases in early pregnancy,the median of urinary iodine level was 185.0 μg/L,with 14 cases (28.6%) of iodine deficiency (urinary iodine level < 150 μg/L) and 5 cases (10.2%) of iodine excess (urinary iodine level ≥ 500 μg/L).There were 158 cases in the second trimester of pregnancy,the median of urinary iodine level was 234.9 μg/L,with 48 cases (30.4%) of iodine deficiency and 18 cases (11.4%) of iodine excess.There were 93 cases in late pregnancy,the median of urinary iodine level was 258.6 μg/L,with 29 cases (31.2%) of iodine deficiency and 11 cases (11.8%) of iodine excess.There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of urinary iodine levels among pregnant women of different gestational periods (χ²=7.906,P=0.251).There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of urinary iodine levels among children (χ²=57.091,P < 0.001) and pregnant women (χ²=72.040,P<0.001) in different years. Conclusion The iodine nutrition of pregnant women and children in Xiaochang County is favorable.