目的 分析息烽县手足口病的发病特点及病原学变化,指导手足口病疫情防控。方法 运用描述性流行病学的方法,对息烽县2008—2021年报告的手足口病病例进行流行病学分析。结果 2008—2021年息烽县共报告手足口病10 293例,年平均发病率为322.22 /10万;重症47例,重症病例占0.46%;死亡率0.06/10万;病死率0.02%。春夏季和秋季高发,以春夏季为主。发病年龄以0～5岁为主(占89.69%),其中1~3岁年龄组发病占56.74%。男女性别比为1.58∶1,男性年均发病率(378.31/10万)与女性(260.20/10万)比较,差异有统计学意义(χ²=352.144,P<0.001)。其他肠道病毒感染占比升高,其中散发病例以其他肠道病毒感染为主,聚集性疫情以CA16感染为主。结论 息烽县手足口病具有明显的季节性,以5岁以下儿童发病为主,病原学构成发生了明显变化,但重症手足口病仍以EV71感染为主。

Objective To analyze the morbidity characteristics and etiological changes of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Xifeng County,so as to guide the prevention and control of HFMD epidemic. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the HFMD cases reported in Xifeng County from 2008 to 2021. Results From 2008 to 2021,a total of 10 293 cases of HFMD were reported in Xifeng County,with an annual average incidence rate of 322.22/100 000.Of which 47 cases were severe,accounting for 0.46%.The death rate was 0.06/100 000 and the case fatality rate was 0.02%.There was a high incidence in spring,summer and autumn,with spring and summer predominating.The incidence age was mainly 0-5 years old (89.69%),with the highest incidence rate in the 1-3 years age group,accounting for 56.74%.The sex ratio of male and female was 1.58:1.The difference in the annual average incidence rate between male (378.31/100 000) and female (260.20/100 000) was statistically significant (χ²=352.144,P<0.001).The proportion of other enterovirus infections was increased,with sporadic cases being mainly caused by other enterovirus infections and clustered outbreaks being mainly caused by CA16 infections. Conclusion HFMD in Xifeng County has obvious seasonal characteristics.The morbidity of HFMD is mainly in children under 5 years old,and the etiological composition of HFMD has changed obviously,but EV71 infection was still the main infection of severe HFMD.