目的 分析“全面二孩”生育政策调整前后颍泉区出生缺陷发生情况及变化趋势,为政府部门制定妇幼卫生决策提供科学依据。方法 采用回顾性分析方法分析颍泉区省级出生缺陷监测项目点2011—2020年出生缺陷发生情况及变化趋势,对全面二孩政策实施前后5年出生缺陷发生率、主要类型及顺位变化进行比较。结果 颍泉区省级出生缺陷监测项目点2011—2020年出生缺陷发生率为73.52/万,全面二孩政策实施后5年出生缺陷发生率高于实施前5年(χ²=6.606,P=0.010),先天性心脏病逐渐上升到第1顺位,发生率为34.24/万,多、并指(趾)类的肌肉骨骼系统先天性畸形和变形已成为出生缺陷的第2大类型,发生率为19.82/万。结论 全面二孩政策实施后,颍泉区出生缺陷发生率上升,缺陷顺位发生了变化。

Objective To analyze the incidence and trend of birth defects in Yingquan District before and after the implementation of the universal two-child policy,so as to provide scientific basis for the government to make decisions on maternal and child health. Methods Retrospective analysis method was used to analyze the occurrence and change trend of birth defects in the provincial birth defect monitoring project sites in Yingquan District from 2011 to 2020,and the incidence,main types and sequence changes of birth defects in the 5 years before and after the implementation of the universal two-child policy were compared. Results The incidence of birth defects at the provincial birth defect monitoring project sites in Yingquan District was 73.52/10 000 in the past 10 years.The incidence of birth defects in 5 years after the implementation of the universal two-child policy was higher than that in the previous 5 years (χ²=6.606,P=0.010).Congenital heart disease gradually rose to the first place,with an incidence of 34.24/10 000.Congenital malformations and deformations of the musculoskeletal system with multiple and syndactyly(toes) had become the second largest type of birth defects,with an incidence rate of 19.82 per 10 000. Conclusion After the implementation of the universal two-child policy,the incidence of birth defects has increased and the order of birth defects has changed.