目的 了解广德市育龄服务人群出生缺陷防治知识知晓水平及其影响因素。方法 2021年9—11月整群抽取20~40岁的初婚婚检对象 、孕优服务对象、孕妇夫妇、0~6 岁儿童父母各100人调查。采用2020年国家卫生健康委员会发布的出生缺陷防治健康教育核心信息(20 条)进行问卷调查。应用Epi Data 3.1软件建立数据库,SPSS 17.0软件分析数据。χ²检验单因素分析出生缺陷防治知识知晓率的影响因素,二项logistic回归法分析出生缺陷防治知识知晓率的影响因素,t检验分析男女得分差异。结果 广德市育龄服务人群出生缺陷防治知识知晓平均得分18.64分,满分率达46.25%,男性得分较女性得分低(t=-0.280,P=0.008)。单因素分析发现文化程度、人群类别、子女数等与知晓率相关(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析发现文化程度、人群类别等与出生缺陷防治知识知晓率相关(P<0.05)。结论 广德市育龄服务人群出生缺陷防治知识知晓率受到文化程度、人群类别、孩次等的影响,男性对出生缺陷防治知识掌握较女性差,需要加强对文化程度低、无孩、男性和婚检对象等重点人群进行宣传,提高出生缺陷防治知识知晓率,降低人群出生缺陷发生率。

Objective To understand the level of knowledge about birth defect prevention and control and its influencing factors among the childbearing age population in Guangde City. Methods From September to October 2021,100 people were selected using cluster sampling from the population groups of 20 to 40 years old for first marriage checkups,pregnant couples,and parents of children aged 0 to 6 years old,respectively.The survey was carried out using the questionnaire on the core information (20 items) of health education on the prevention and control of birth defects issued by the National Health Commission in 2020.Epi Data 3.1 was used to set up the database and SPSS 17.0 was used to analyze the data.Chi-square univariate analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of the awareness rate of birth defect prevention knowledge.Binomial logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors of birth defect knowledge.t-test was used to analyze the difference of scores between men and women. Results The average score of knowledge on prevention and treatment of birth defects among the childbearing age population in Guangde City was 18.64,with a full score rate of 46.25%.Men scored lower than women (t=-0.280,P=0.008).Single factor analysis found that education level,population type,birth order and so on were related to awareness rate (P<0.05). Conclusion In Guangde City,the awareness rate of birth defect prevention knowledge among the childbearing age population were affected by education level,population category and child rank.The knowledge of prevention and cure of birth defect in male is worse than that in female.It is necessary to strengthen the promotion of key populations such as those with low educational levels,childlessness,males,and those undergoing prenatal examinations,to improve the awareness rate of birth defect prevention and control knowledge,and to reduce the incidence of birth defects among the population.