目的 调查西部一线监狱民警的职业情绪耗竭状况及影响因素,为对其进行有针对性的干预、保护监狱民警群体心理健康提供参考。方法 纳入2022年11—12月在西部数所监狱执行一线封闭工作的1 200名监狱民警为研究对象。采用自编一般资料调查表、职业情绪耗竭量表和感知组织支持量表进行评定。结果 共1 195名监狱民警完成有效问卷调查,检出存在高职业情绪耗竭472人(39.50%)。每周值夜班次数越多(β=3.982)、未定居在单位驻地城市(β=2.113)、家庭负担情况越重(β=2.633)、自评身体状况欠佳(β=2.537)、出现有生理疾病(β=3.882)的监狱民警职业情绪耗竭程度越严重(P值均<0.05);感知组织支持越高(β=-0.421)、对实施封闭执勤态度越认可(β=-4.449)、家人对监狱工作态度越支持(β=-4.031)、与同事间相处情况越融洽(β=-3.567)的监狱民警职业情绪耗竭程度越低(P值均<0.05);每周值夜班次数(标准化β=0.309)和对实施封闭执勤态度(标准化β=-0.401)对监狱民警职业情绪耗竭影响最大。结论 西部一线监狱民警存在有不同程度的职业情绪耗竭,应根据相关影响因素有针对性地开展干预策略,不断优化工作模式降低心理健康问题。

Objective To investigate the occupational emotional exhaustion of prison police in western China and its influencing factors,so as to provide reference for targeted intervention and protection of mental health of prison police. Methods The study included 1 200 police officers who performed lockdown work in several western prisons from November to December 2022.Self-designed general data questionnaire,occupational emotional exhaustion scale and perceptual organizational support scale were used for evaluation. Results A total of 1 195 prison police officers completed the valid questionnaire survey,and 472 (39.50%) of prison police officers were found to have high occupational emotional exhaustion.More night shifts per week (β=3.982),not settled in the city where the unit was located (β=2.113),heavier the household burden (β=2.633),self-assessment of poor physical condition (β=2.537),and presence of physiological disease (β=3.882) among prison police officers had more severe the degree of occupational emotional exhaustion (all P<0.05).The higher perceived organizational support (β=-0.421),recognized the attitude towards implementing closed duty (β=-4.449),supportive the attitude of family towards prison work (β=-4.031),harmonious get along with colleagues (β=-3.567) among prison police officers had the lower degree of occupational emotional exhaustion (all P<0.05).Number of night shifts per week (standardized β=0.309) and attitude towards implementing closed duty (standardized β=-0.401) had the greatest impact on the occupational emotional exhaustion among prison police officers. Conclusion The front-line prison police showed varying degrees of occupational emotional exhaustion during the prevention and control of major infectious diseases,so it is necessary to carry out targeted intervention strategies according to relevant influencing factors,and constantly optimize the work mode to reduce mental health problems.