目的 了解2010—2024年安徽省暗娼人群（female sex workers, FSW）艾滋病防治知识知晓率、行为特征及人类免疫缺陷病毒（human immunodeficiency virus, HIV）、梅毒和丙型肝炎病毒（hepatitis C virus, HCV）感染状况，为当地FSW艾滋病性病防治工作提供参考建议。方法 采用连续横断面调查收集2010—2024年安徽省FSW的人口学特征、艾滋病防治知识知晓情况、高危行为等信息，并采集血样进行HIV、梅毒和HCV抗体检测。使用R 4.5.3软件和Joinpoint 5.3.0软件对检测对象的相关数据进行统计学分析。结果 2010—2024年共调查102 015名FSW，艾滋病防治知识知晓率为88.21%，最近一个月商业性行为中安全套坚持使用率为63.75%。HIV、梅毒、HCV抗体阳性率分别为0.06%、2.15%和0.29%，其中梅毒抗体阳性率（AAPC=-7.43%，95%CI:-11.02%~-3.70%，t=-4.224，P=0.001）和HCV抗体阳性率（AAPC=-5.62%，95%CI:-9.06%~-2.05%，t=-3.363，P=0.005）均呈下降趋势。多因素logistic回归分析显示，年龄30~<50岁、小学及以下文化程度、非本省户籍、在低档场所工作、未坚持使用安全套和缺乏艾滋病防治知识是HIV/梅毒感染的相关因素；年龄≥50岁、离异或丧偶、非本省户籍和在低档场所工作是HCV感染的相关因素。结论 2010—2024年安徽省FSW的HIV和HCV感染率维持在较低水平，梅毒抗体阳性率逐年下降，但仍需重视该群体健康教育及行为干预，提高其防护和检测意识。

Objective To understand the awareness rate of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention knowledge, behavioral characteristics, and the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among female sex workers (FSW) in Anhui Province from 2010 to 2024, and to provide reference for the local prevention and control of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases among FSW. Methods A consecutive cross-sectional study was conducted to collect demographic information, awareness of AIDS prevention knowledge, and high-risk behaviors among FSW in Anhui Province from 2010 to 2024. Blood samples were also collected for HIV, syphilis, and HCV antibody testing. The relevant data of the detected objects were statistically analyzed using R 4.5.3 and Joinpoint 5.3.0 software. Results A total of 102 015 FSW were investigated from 2010 to 2024. The overall awareness rate of AIDS prevention knowledge was 88.21%, and the consistent condom use rate during commercial sex in the past month was 63.75%. The positivity rates of HIV, syphilis, and HCV antibodies were 0.06%, 2.15%, and 0.29%, respectively. A decreasing trend was observed for both syphilis (AAPC=-7.43%, 95%CI:-11.02% - -3.70%, t=-4.224，P=0.001) and HCV (AAPC=-5.62%, 95%CI:-9.06% - -2.05%, t=-3.363, P=0.005) antibody positive rates. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that aged 30-<50 years, education level of primary school or below, non-local household registration, working in low-tier venues, inconsistent condom use, and lack of HIV prevention knowledge were factors associated with HIV/syphilis infection. Aged ≥50 years, divorced or widowed, non-local household registration, and working in low-tier venues were factors associated with HCV infection. Conclusion From 2010 to 2024, the infection rates of HIV and HCV among FSW in Anhui Province remained at relatively low levels, and the syphilis antibody positive rate showed a declining trend. However, it is still necessary to strengthen health education and behavioral interventions to improve awareness of prevention and testing among this population.