目的 了解六安市5岁以下儿童死亡情况、死亡原因,探讨可行性的干预措施。方法 根据2006~2014年六安市5岁以下儿童6个死亡监测点资料,分析5岁以下儿童死亡水平,主要死亡原因及城市和农村地区儿童死亡水平比较。结果 9年间,5岁以下儿童死亡率总体呈下降趋势,新生儿、婴儿、5岁以下儿童平均死亡率分别是5.51‰、7.02‰、9.17‰,其中婴儿死亡数占5岁以下儿童死亡的76.56%,新生儿死亡数又占婴儿死亡的60.16%;5岁以下儿童死亡前五位死因顺位依次为出生窒息、早产/低出生体重、意外死亡、先天性心脏病、先天异常。结论 降低婴儿死亡率特别是新生儿死亡率是降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的关键。

Objective To investigate the changing trend, age distribution and main cause of mortality among children under 5 years old in points of monitoring in Luan city, and explore the feasibility of intervention measures. Methods A retrospective investigation method was used to analyze the monitoring data of death of children under 5 years old from 2006 to 2014. Results The mortality of children under 5 years old presented decline trend as a whole during recent 9 years, and the average mortality of neonatal, infant and children under 5 years old were 5.51‰, 7.02‰ and 9.17‰, respectively. Infant deaths accounted 76.56% for the death number of children under 5 years old, and death of new born accounts for 60.16% of death in infant. Premature or low birth weight, neonatal asphyxia, accidental death, congenital heart diseases, other congenital diseases were the main cause of death in children under 5 years old. Conclusion The key to reduce the death rate of children under 5 years old is to reduce the death of infant and neonates.