目的 了解近两年来芜湖地区流行性感冒病毒型别和流行特点,为制定预防控制决策提供依据和参考。方法 按照《全国流感监测方案》(2010版),对2014～2015年芜湖市辖区内1家哨点医院和各个县(区)医疗机构送检的流感样病例标本采用实时荧光PCR(Real-time RT-PCR)进行流感病毒的核酸定性检测,通过全国流感监测网络收集芜湖市的流感病原监测资料,并对数据进行分析。结果 2014年阳性率为26.4%,2015年阳性率为16.8%。每年冬春季主要是By型流行,夏季主要都是季H3型流行。2014年主要为By型(38.6%)、季H3型(35.4%)、甲型H1(26.0%)。2015年主要为By型(54.0%)、季H3型(46.0%)。不同来源的标本阳性率有明显的不同,暴发疫情阳性率较高,为57.3%,不明原因肺炎最高为70.0%,哨点医院监测样本阳性率最低为21.0%。5～15岁的少年儿童阳性率为29.6%,15～45岁的青壮年阳性率为18.4%,45岁以上的中老年人阳性率为29.4%。4例人感染H7N9禽流感年龄大于55岁,且均以不明原因肺炎的病例中检出。结论 芜湖市2014～2015年主要的流感优势株呈现冬夏交替的两个流行高峰,冬春季多为乙型流感(Yamagata),夏季多为甲型流感(季H3),少年儿童和中老年人是防控的重点人群,对55岁以上的不明原因肺炎病人应高度关注H7N9禽流感病毒的感染。

Objective To understand the types and characteristics of the influenza viruses found in Wuhu city in the past two years, so as to provide reference opinions for decision making in the controlling and preventing of influenza. Methods According to "national influenza surveillance program (2010 edition)", RT-PCR was used from the year of 2014 to 2015 to detect the influenza nucleic acid from samples collected from a sentinel hospital and other medical institutions in each county. And incidence of different week, month, gender and age will be analyzed via the national influenza surveillance network. Results To be specific,the positive rate was 26.4% in 2014 and was 16.8% in 2015. The peak seasons focused in winter and summer each year. More Yamagata strains were found in winter, but more H3N2 strains were found in summer. The dominate influenza virus subtypes were Yamagata(38.6%), H3N2(35.4%) and H1N1(26.0%) in 2014, Yamagata(54.0%)and H3N2(46.0%) in 2015. The positive rate showed a big difference according to the cases of source.The sample of the epidemic situation source, sample of unexplained pneumonia and sample of monitor had a positive rate of 57.3%, 70.0%, 21.0% respectively. The positive rate of different ages was also different. Children aged from 5-15, young people aged from 15-45 and elderly people over 45 had a positive rate of 29.6%, 18.4% and29.4% respectively. Four H7N9 avian influenza virus strains were detected from pneumonia case of the unidentified reason over 55 years old. Conclusion The peak seasons of influenza were in winter and summer each year, spring and winter had more influenza B(Yamagata), while summer has more influenza A (H3N2). Children and the elderly were more likely to be infected with influenza virus, they should be protected and controlled on focal, pneumonia cases of the unidentified reason over 55 years old must to be paid close attention for infect H7N9 avian influenza virus.