目的 了解淮河流域农村饮用水水质卫生状况及其变化趋势。方法 按照《淮河流域癌症综合防治工作方案》,对2011～2015年的淮河流域农村饮用水水质进行监测,监测指标包括三大类共19项内容。结果 5年来,共监测水样1 512份,超标978份,超标率64.68%。分散式供水的超标率明显高于集中式供水(χ²=79.46,P<0.0001),丰水期水质超标率明显高于枯水期(χ²=26.68,P<0.0001)。在分类指标中,分散式供水水质以微生物指标超标最高,达到35.98% ,不同类别指标超标率差异有统计学意义(χ²=19.45,P<0.001)。集中式供水水质以毒理指标超标率最高,达到28.50%,不同类别指标超标率差异有统计学意义(χ²=20.23,P<0.001)。单项指标中氟化物超标率最高,达到24.80%,其次是总大肠菌群21.03%和耐热大肠总数19.05%。结论 安徽省淮河流域农村水质合格率不高,其中高氟和微生物污染是影响淮河流域农村饮用水水质的主要危险因素。

Objective To understand the status and trends of drinking water quality in rural areas of Huaihe river basin. Methods According to the "prevention and control plan of cancer in Huaihe River Basin", we detected the drinking water in the Huaihe River Basin from 2011 to 2015. Results 1512 samples were detected in the five years. 978 samples exceeded standards, with exceeding standard rate 64.68%. The rate of decentralized water supply were significantly higher than that of centralized water supply (χ²=79.46, P<0.0001), and the exceeding rate of water quality in wet season was significantly higher than that in dry season (χ²=26.68, P<0.0001). In the decentralized water, the highest exceeding index was microbial index (35.98%), but in the centralized water the highest exceeding index was toxicological index(28.50%). The highest exceeded rate index was the fluoride exceeded index(24.80%) in the single index, followed by the total coliform group index(21.03%) and the total number of heat resistant colon index (19.05%), respectively. Conclusion The main risk factors affecting the quality of drinking water in rural areas of Huaihe River basin were high fluoride and microbial contamination.