目的 分析动物咬伤门诊接种狂犬病疫苗人员流行病学特征,为防控狂犬病的发生提供科学依据。方法 对2014-2016年被动物咬伤到铜陵市疾病预防控制中心动物咬伤门诊接种狂犬病疫苗的12609例登记者的资料进行流行病学分析。结果 12609例接种者中,男女性别比0.9∶1;高危年龄段为20~、40~、50~和≥60四个年龄组;动物致伤高峰时间为6~8月份,占全年的32.5%;接种人数呈逐年递增现象,2015和2016年分别增长13.4%、12.8%;动物致伤后24小时内接种狂犬病疫苗的占59.6%, 6天及以上接种者占35.2%;前3位受伤部位分别为手(48.4%)、腿(30.4%)和足(10.9%),多部位占1.0%;伤害程度 II级占62.7%,III级占37.3%;III级暴露狂犬病免疫球蛋白使用率为2.8%;伤人动物主要为犬(78.6%),其次为猫(14.7%)。结论 及时接种狂犬疫苗是预防人被动物伤害后避免感染狂犬病毒的有效措施。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of rabies vaccination among residents injured by animals, so as to provide scientific basis for preventing rabies. Methods Descriptive analysis was performed on the data of rabies vaccination among 12609 residents injured by animals in clinic of Tongling center for disease control and prevention during 2014-2016. Results Among 12609 cases, the gender ratio of male-to-female was 0.9, the high risk age groups were 20~, 40~, 50~ and ≥60. The high-incidence season of injured by animals was from June to August, accounting for 32.5%. The number of vaccines showed an increasing trend annually, the growth in 2015 and 2016 were 13.4% and 12.8%, respectively. 59.6% were given rabies vaccine within 24h after being injured, 35.2% were given rabies vaccine over 6 days after being injured. The top 3 injured parts were hand (48.4%), leg (30.4%) and foot (10.9%), respectively. Multiple injuries accounted for 1.0%. Of the wounded, level II casualties reached to 62.7%, level III casualties accounted for 37.3%. 2.8% of the level III casualties were injected with anti-rabies immune globulin. Dog was the main attacking animal (78.6%), followed by cat (14.7%). Conclusion Propaganda and education on prevention knowledge of rabies,and the management of dog and pet vaccination should be strengthened. Standardized handling of the wounds should be given when injured by animals in time.