目的 评价全省居民死亡水平,分析影响居民死亡及寿命的主要疾病。方法 收集2016年全省24个国家死因监测点死因监测数据,采用老龄化系数、死因漏报调查校正后的死亡率、标化死亡率、去死因期望寿命及Fulfillment指数等指标,分析不同人群和城乡居民死亡水平及期望寿命。结果 2016年安徽省人口呈老年型,居民死亡率为705.89/10万,标化率为551.42/10万。男性和女性死亡率分别为802.35/10万和608.28/10万,城市和农村死亡率分别为682.19/10万和719.37/10万,死亡率存在性别(U_性别=45.40,P＜0.01)及城乡(U_城乡=-8.70,P＜0.01)差异,婴儿死亡率为630.04/10万。慢性病占总死亡的88.50%。去除脑血管病、恶性肿瘤、心脏病、呼吸系统疾病和伤害后,安徽省居民期望寿命分别提高3.26岁、3.20岁、2.83岁、1.27岁和1.03岁。影响居民死亡及寿命的主要疾病均是脑血管病、恶性肿瘤、心脏病、呼吸系统疾病和伤害,其中影响首位死因及对其寿命的主要疾病,男性、城市居民为恶性肿瘤,女性为脑血管病和心脏病,农村居民为脑血管病。Fulfillment指数提示围生期疾病和先天异常对0～岁组人群寿命影响较大;伤害是1～39岁人群寿命最主要的影响因素;传染病对学龄前儿童寿命影响较大;居民前5位死因中的脑血管病、心脏病等慢性病主要对40岁以上人群寿命影响较大,其中脑血管病、心脏病和呼吸系统疾病对寿命的影响随年龄增长而增加,恶性肿瘤对40～74岁人群寿命影响更为突出。结论 影响居民死亡及寿命前5位死因中有4位均是慢性病,且慢性病占全死因的比重逐年增加。慢性病和伤害是安徽省当前疾病防控的重点,针对不同性别、地区和年龄人群,应制定有针对性地防控策略。

Objective To evaluate the death level of residents in Anhui, and analyze the main diseases affecting the death and the life span of the residents. Methods The surveillance data of death cause among 24 disease surveillance points system (DSPs) of Anhui in 2016 were collected. By using the coefficient of aging, mortality after misreporting adjustment, standardized mortality, cause-free life expectancy and Fulfillment index, the data were analyzed and described from the perspective of gender, age and areas. Results In 2016, the aging of the population was observed in Anhui. The overall mortality was 705.89/10⁵, the standardized mortality was 551.42/10⁵. The overall mortality varied with gender (U_gender=45.40,P＜0.01), and areas (U_area=-8.70,P＜0.01).The mortality was 802.35/10⁵ in male, in female, that was 608.28/10⁵.The mortality of urban and rural areas was 682.19/10⁵ and 719.37/10⁵ respectively. The mortality of infants was 630.04/10⁵. Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) accounted for 88.50% of all deaths. After removing cerebrovascular disease, malignant tumor, heart disease, respiratory disease and injury, the life expectancy of Anhui residents increased by 3.26 years, 3.20 years, 2.83 years, 1.27 years and 1.03 years respectively. Cerebrovascular diseases, malignant tumors, heart diseases, respiratory diseases and injuries were the major causes of death and diseases that have a greater impact on life expectancy. Among the death causes and the diseases that have the greatest impact on life expectancy, the top one in male or urban residents was malignant tumors. Cerebrovascular disease and heart disease was juxtaposed as the first in female. The top one in rural residents was cerebrovascular disease. Fulfillment index showed that perinatal diseases and congenital abnormalities had a greater impact on life expectancy in residents aged 0-1 years, injury was the most important factor affecting life span of residents aged 1-39 years,infectious diseases had a great influence on preschool children's life expectancy. Cerebrovascular disease, heart disease and other NCD among the top five causes of death mainly affected the life expectancy of residents over 40 years old. Of which, the effects of cerebrovascular diseases, heart diseases and respiratory diseases on life span increased with age, and the effect of malignant tumor on life expectancy of residents aged 40-74 years was more prominent. Conclusion It is worth noting that four of the top five causes of death and life expectancy are NCD, and the proportion of NCD in the total deaths has been increasing in recent years. NCD and injuries are the current focus of disease prevention and control in Anhui. The prevention and control strategies should be formulated according to different gender, areas and age.