目的 通过分析安庆市2014~2018年出生缺陷监测资料,了解出生缺陷发生水平和影响因素。方法 按照《中国妇幼卫生监测方案》的方法要求,收集安庆市5家国家级监测医院的出生缺陷监测资料,采用SPSS18.0软件对围生儿出生缺陷发生水平和主要出生缺陷顺位进行分析。结果 5年间,监测围产儿48 764人,发现出生缺陷儿 791例,5年出生缺陷的平均发生率为162.21/万。男性出生缺陷发生率(180.76/万)高于女性(140.64/万),差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.286,P＜0.05);低年龄组的孕母出生缺陷儿发生率高于其它年龄组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=16.218,P＜0.05);乡村出生缺陷儿发生率(169.75/万)与城镇(152.35/万)相比,差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.271,P＞0.05)。前5位出生缺陷发生率依次是先天性心脏病、小耳及外耳其他畸形、多并指(趾)、唇腭裂和马蹄内翻足。结论 近5年安庆市出生缺陷发生率呈上升趋势,应进一步加强三级预防工作,尤其要加强孕前及围孕保健的咨询和宣传,以期降低出生缺陷发生率。
Abstract
Objective By analyzing the monitoring data of birth defects (BD) in Anqing City from 2014 to 2018, the BD occurrence level and influencing factors were understood. Methods According to the requirement of China Maternal and Child Health Monitoring Program,the data of BD in 5 national-level monitoring hospitals in Anqing City from 2014 to 2018 were collected. SPSS 18.0 software was used to analyze the BD occurrence level and the sequence of major birth defects of perinatal infants. Results A total of 48,764 perinatal infants were monitored in five years.Among them, 791 cases of BD were detected, and the average incidence rate of BD was 162.21/10,000.The incidence of BD was higher in the males than that in the females (180.76/10,000 vs 140.64/10,000),and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=12.286,P＜0.05).The incidence of BD among mothers in the younger age group was higher than that in other age groups, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=16.218,P＜0.05).The incidence of BD in rural areas (169.75/10000) was not significantly different from that in urban areas (152.35/10000) (χ2= 2.271,P> 0.05).The top five common birth defects were congenital heart disease, microtia and external ear malformation,synpolydactyly,cheilopalatognathus and clubfoot. Conclusion The incidence of BD has been on the rise in the past five years in Anqing City. It is necessary to further strengthen third-level prevention, especially strengthen the counseling and publicity of the pre-pregnancy and perinatal health care, so as to reduce the incidence of BD.
关键词
围生儿 /
出生缺陷 /
妇幼保健 /
优生优育
Key words
Perinatal infants /
Birth defects /
Maternal and child health /
Aristogenesis and fine rearing
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