目的 通过监测惠州市禽类市场外环境禽流感病毒阳性水平,评估人感染禽流感的风险。方法 采用单纯随机抽样方法,抽取全市6个县(区)62个禽类市场,采集禽类市场禽笼具表面、禽粪便、禽饮水、禽宰杀工具或摆放肉案板表面、清洗禽类污水标本1 161份,采用实时荧光定量(RT-PCR)方法,对采集的标本进行禽流感病毒核酸检测;2018年采用自行设计的问卷,对采样的禽类市场,开展市场环境卫生学调查。结果 检测禽类市场环境标本1 161份,阳性标本257份,总阳性率为22.14%,其中2017年与2018年禽流感病毒核酸阳性率分别为 20.17% 和27.03%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=6.480,P＜0.05)。H5 、H7N9 、H9亚型核酸阳性率分别为4.57%、3.62%、18.00%。惠城区和博罗县的禽类市场禽流感病毒阳性率较高;不同类型标本中,阳性率最高(31.20%)是宰杀工具及摆放禽肉的案板(刀具、脱毛机内壁及砧板等)表面擦拭标本。2018年调查的62个市场中,出现阳性标本的市场有34个,市场阳性率为54.84%,35.48%的市场卫生状况显示好,51.61%的市场有每天消毒;34个阳性市场中有26.47%的市场卫生状况差,而阴性的市场中只有7.14%市场卫生状况差,差别有统计学意义(χ²=3.93,P＜0.05)。结论 惠州市禽类市场禽流感病毒核酸阳性率较高,应严格落实禽类市场“一天一清洗一消毒, 一周一大扫除,一月一休市”防控措施,加强个人防护,减少人感染禽流感病毒的风险。

Objective By monitoring the positive level of avian influenza virus in the external environment of poultry markets in Huizhou City,the risk of human infection with avian influenza was assessed. Methods 62 poultry markets in 6 counties (districts) of the city were selected by simple random sampling method.1161 samples from poultry cage surface, poultry manure, poultry drinking water, poultry slaughtering tools or meat board surface, and poultry cleaning sewage were collected.Real-time fluorescence quantitative (RT-PCR) method was used to detect the nucleic acid of avian influenza virus in collected samples.In 2018, a self-designed questionnaire was used to conduct a market environmental hygiene survey on the sampled poultry market. Results A total of 1161 environmental specimens from poultry markets were detected, of which 257 were positive, with a total positive rate of 22.14%.The positive rates of avian influenza virus nucleic acid in 2017 and 2018 were 20.17% and 27.03%, respectively, which was statistically significant (χ²=6.480,P＜0.05).The positive rates of H5, H7N9 and H9 subtypes were 4.57%, 3.62% and 18.00% respectively.The positive rate of avian influenza virus in poultry markets in Huicheng District and Boluo County was higher.Among the samples of different types, the highest positive rate was the surface wiping specimens of the slaughter tools (knives, inner wall of depilators, cutting boards, etc.) and the boards for poultry meat (31.20%).Of the 62 markets surveyed in 2018, 34 had positive samples, the positive rate was 54.84%, 35.48% had good market hygiene, 51.61% had disinfection every day; 26.47% had poor market hygiene in 34 positive markets, while only 7.14% had poor market hygiene in negative markets, the difference was statistically significant(χ²=3.93,P＜0.05). Conclusion The positive rate of avian influenza virus nucleic acid in poultry markets of Huizhou City is relatively high.The prevention and control measures of " Wash and disinfect each day, Clean up once a week, Closing once a month " should be strictly implemented in the poultry markets, and the personal protection should be strengthened to reduce the risk of human infection with avian influenza virus.