Objective To understand the awareness rate of knowledge of cancer prevention and control among college students in two universities in Hefei City,and to provide basis for targeted health education on cancer prevention and control. Methods Two universities in Hefei City were selected by convenient sample method.736 college students from 2 to 3 colleges were randomly selected from each university to conduct self-administered questionnaire survey,and the ways to acquire cancer prevention and control knowledge,cancer risk factors,cancer prevention knowledge,etc.were investigated. Results 83.80% of the survey groups obtained knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment through Internet.Among cancer risk factors,sedentary (49.15%),overweight or obesity (56.76%),and hepatitis B virus infection (59.01%) had the lowest awareness rates.Among the basic knowledge of cancer,the gold standard for cancer diagnosis had the lowest awareness rate (39.44%).Among cancer prevention knowledge,hepatitis B vaccine against liver cancer (61.83%) had the lowest awareness rate.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that female (b=0.86,95%CI=0.27~1.54) and medical students (b=0.67,95%CI=0.11~1.24) had higher score of cancer prevention and control knowledge. Conclusion The college students participating in the survey had low awareness of some cancer prevention knowledge.It is recommended to carry out health education activities on tumor prevention knowledge by the Internet among non-medical and male college students.