The health industry standard Determination of Fluoride in Urine-Fully Automatic Potentiometric Method (WS/T 10034-2025 )(hereinafter referred to as this standard) was issued by the National Disease Control and Prevention Administration on October 31, 2025, and will be implemented on March 1, 2026. This standard specifies a fully automated potentiometric method for determining inorganic fluoride in urine, which is applicable to the measurement of inorganic fluoride content in human urine samples. To facilitate accurate understanding and effective implementation of this standard, this article provides an interpretation focusing on the development background, key technical content, and quality control aspects. It elaborates in detail on the technical indicators during the standard validation process, including method optimization, precision, accuracy, interference resistance tests, and sample stability, as well as key considerations for application of the standard method. Thus to offer clear technical guidance for urine fluoride testing personnel, researchers, and related professionals, and to promote standardized application of the standard.
Myopia among children and adolescents in China is exhibiting a worrisome trend of high prevalence, early onset, and increasing severity, becoming a significant public health issue affecting their physical and mental health. Its etiology involves both genetic predisposition and environmental factors, among which increased time spent outdoors has been identified as a crucial and modifiable protective factor. This article reviews the impact of outdoor activities on the onset and progression of myopia, and its potential underlying mechanisms. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for formulating effective myopia prevention and control strategies.
Objective To explore the factors associated with depressive symptoms among junior high school students in Anhui Province using a multi-level analysis based on the health ecology model, in order to provide reference for identifying and intervening in depressive symptoms among this population. Methods From September 2024 to November 2024, a stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select junior high school students in Anhui Province as research subjects for questionnaire surveys. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Independent variables were determined based on five dimensions of the health ecology model: individual traits, behavioral characteristics, interpersonal networks, living and learning conditions, and policy environment. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with depressive symptoms among junior high school students. Results A total of 3 299 junior high school students in Anhui Province were included, and the detection rate of depressive symptoms was 17.88%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that within the individual traits dimension, female (OR=2.747, 95%CI: 2.233-3.379), the second year of junior high school (OR=1.308, 95%CI: 1.019-1.680) and the third year of junior high school (OR=1.763, 95%CI: 1.376-2.259), alcohol consumption (OR=2.132, 95%CI: 1.636-2.778) in the behavioral characteristics dimension, experiencing school bullying (OR=4.827, 95%CI: 3.914-5.953) in the interpersonal network dimension, and attending a private school (OR=1.367, 95%CI: 1.056-1.772) in the living and learning conditions dimension, were positively associated with depressive symptoms among junior high school students. At the behavioral characteristics level, engaging in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity ≥3 days per week (OR=0.767, 95%CI: 0.616-0.956) and sufficient sleep (OR=0.453, 95%CI: 0.337-0.608) were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. At the interpersonal network level, suburban/rural residence (OR=0.593, 95%CI: 0.473-0.744) and nuclear family structure (OR=0.678, 95%CI: 0.547-0.841), and at the policy environment level, the schools implementing mental health intervention programs (OR=0.376, 95%CI: 0.264-0.536) were negatively associated with depressive symptoms among junior high school students. Conclusions The influencing factors of the detection rate of depressive symptoms among junior high school students in Anhui Province involve multiple levels of the health ecological model. Multi-dimensional interventions integrating individuals, behaviors, environment, and policies are necessary to reduce the incidence of depressive symptoms among junior high school students.
Objective To investigate the current status and associated factors of overweight/obesity and high blood pressure comorbidity among middle school students in Anhui Province, and to provide evidence for formulating targeted prevention and control measures. Methods From September 2024 to December 2024, a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 103 291 middle school students from 104 counties (cities, districts) in Anhui Province. Their height, weight, and blood pressure were measured, and a questionnaire survey was conducted. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of comorbidity of overweight/obesity and high blood pressure. Results In 2024, the detection rates of overweight/obesity, high blood pressure, and their comorbidity among middle school students in Anhui Province were 35.02%, 15.22% and 8.44%, respectively. Multivariate analysis results showed that males (OR=1.514, 95%CI: 1.447-1.584) exhibited a higher risk of comorbidity. Healthy dietary patterns (OR=0.824, 95%CI: 0.740-0.917), adequate physical exercise (OR=0.833, 95%CI: 0.768-0.904), and sufficient sleep (OR=0.920, 95%CI: 0.870-0.973) were associated with a lower risk of comorbidity. Conclusions The comorbidity rate of overweight/obesity and high blood pressure among middle school students in Anhui Province is at a high level, and it is mainly associated with gender, diet, exercise, and sleep. It is recommended that schools, families, and relevant departments take comprehensive measures to guide students in developing healthy lifestyle.
Objective To analyze the co-occurrence status and influencing factors of overweight/obesity and dental caries in primary and middle school students in Lu’an, and to provide theoretical basis for formulating scientific prevention and control strategies. Methods The stratified cluster random sampling method was used to monitor 11 637 primary and middle school students in Lu’an, including physical examinations, oral examinations, and questionnaire surveys. The χ2 test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were employed to study the relevant influencing factors associated with the co-occurrence of dental caries and overweight/obesity among students. Results The co-occurrence rate of dental caries and overweight/obesity among primary and middle school students in Lu’an was 14.42%. The rate was higher in urban areas (16.62%) than in counties (11.99%), higher among boys (15.18%) than girls (13.45%), and higher among primary school students (15.06%) and high school students (16.24%) than junior high school students (11.90%). All these differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that consuming fried foods ≥1 time in the past week (OR=1.208, 95%CI: 1.066-1.368) and brushing teeth less than twice daily (OR=1.192, 95%CI: 1.068-1.330) were positively correlated with the risk of co-occurrence of dental caries and overweight/obesity. Conversely, living in the county (OR=0.686, 95%CI: 0.614-0.766), girls (OR=0.883, 95%CI: 0.794-0.981), and consuming fruits ≥1 time daily (OR=0.819, 95%CI: 0.674-0.996) were negatively correlated with the co-occurrence (P<0.05). Conclusions Gender, dietary and lifestyle habits of primary and middle school students in Lu’an are correlated with the co-occurrence of dental caries and overweight/obesity. It is necessary to strengthen relevant publicity and interventions to promote healthy living and dietary habits, thereby preventing the occurrence of dental caries and overweight/obesity.
Objective To explore the prevalence and influencing factors of depressive symptoms among middle school students in Bengbu, and to provide scientific basis for formulating effective intervention measures. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 7 895 middle school students from 14 junior high schools, 11 regular high schools, and 4 vocational high schools in Bengbu. The Chi-square test was used to compare the detection rates of depressive symptoms among different types of students, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with depressive symptoms. Results In 2024, the detection rate of depressive symptoms among middle school students in Bengbu was 17.56%, which was higher in girls than in boys (P<0.05), and higher in counties than in urban areas (P<0.05). The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that general high school students (OR=2.071, 95%CI: 1.807-2.372), vocational high school students (OR=1.569, 95%CI:1.274-1.932), girls (OR=1.683, 95%CI: 1.486-1.907), non-nuclear families (OR=1.292, 95%CI:1.142-1.461), insufficient sleep (OR=1.461, 95%CI:1.242-1.719), history of serious injuries (OR=1.745, 95%CI:1.364-2.232), exposure to campus bullying (OR=4.961, 95%CI: 3.611-6.817), experience of physically abused by parents (OR=2.987, 95%CI:2.517-3.545), smoking (OR=1.318, 95%CI:1.009-1.721), and alcohol consumption (OR=1.707, 95%CI:1.440-2.024) were associated with the occurrence of depressive symptoms among middle school students. Conclusion The depressive symptoms among middle school students in Bengbu City are associated with multiple modifiable factors, including campus bullying, family upbringing, and individual behaviors. Interventions should be strengthened in aspects such as the parenting styles, campus environment and behavioral patterns of middle school students, so as to reduce the incidence of depressive symptoms among middle school students in Bengbu.
Objective To analyze the screening myopia status and influencing factors among primary and secondary school students in Shijingshan District of Beijing, and to provide basis for improving the prevention and control policies for students myopia. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select two primary schools, two junior high schools, two regular high schools, and one vocational high school in Shijingshan District. Students from grades 4-6 in primary schools and grades 1-3 in junior high schools, regular high schools, and vocational high schools underwent vision examinations and completed a questionnaire on factors influencing myopia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis (forward stepwise method) was used to identify factors associated with screening myopia. Results A total of 1 959 students completed the survey. The overall rate of screening myopia was 77.23%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that female (OR=1.455, 95%CI: 1.166-1.815), at least one parent with myopia (OR=2.685, 95%CI: 2.149 - 3.354), having break activities indoors (OR=1.417, 95%CI: 1.107-1.815), continuous near-work duration ≥ 0.5 h (OR=1.333, 95%CI: 1.063-1.671), and lack of parental restriction on screen time (OR=1.437, 95%CI: 1.148-1.799) were more likely to have screening myopia. Conclusions The rate of screening myopia among primary and secondary school students is relatively high in Shijingshan District of Beijing in 2024. The influencing factors are associated with gender, genetics, eye use habits, and parental supervision. Collaborative interventions involving schools, families, and relevant departments are recommended to promote students’ eye health.
Objective To assess the risk of various public health emergencies in Anhui Province in 2026, and propose risk management recommendations. Methods The Delphi method was used to identify risk assessment topics. Based on data of public health emergencies and infectious disease surveillance in Anhui Province from 2021 to 2025, expert consultation method was employed to evaluate risks, and identified priority levels, key focus regions and venues of each topic across different months. Results A total of 23 risk topics are required attention in Anhui Province in 2026, including 19 infectious diseases topics (82.61%) and 4 other topics (17.39%). In the first quarter of 2026, the key focuses should be on influenza, pertussis, norovirus gastroenteritis, and non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning. In the second quarter, key focuses are coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), tuberculosis, hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). In the third quarter, key focuses are COVID-19, cholera, chikungunya fever, dengue fever, acute schistosomiasis infection, foodborne disease outbreaks, and heatstroke. In the fourth quarter, key focuses are influenza, varicella (chickenpox), and human infection with novel influenza subtype. Cholera, SFTS, brucellosis, epidemic hemorrhagic fever (EHF), imported malaria, and acute schistosomiasis show obvious regional characteristics in terms of priority areas. Kindergartens and schools are the priority settings with the highest number of associated risk topics (10 topics), followed by households (8 topics). Risk management recommendations mainly include six aspects: deepening inter-departmental collaboration, strengthening surveillance and early warning, conducting standardized epidemic response, enhancing medical treatment and case management, promoting vaccination programs, and sustaining health education. Conclusions In 2026, the public health risks of emergencies requiring attention in Anhui Province are predominantly infectious diseases, with differences in key months, regions, and venues for various risk topics. Health emergency preparedness measures should be implemented before the peak epidemic periods. Efforts should be made to explore and establish a multi-disease prevention mechanism to ensure the effective implementation of all prevention and control measures.
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Liupanshui from 2010 to 2024, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of HFMD. Methods The surveillance data of HFMD in Liupanshui from 2010 to 2024 were collected and analyzed. The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemic characteristics, and the SARIMA model was established for prediction. Results From 2010 to 2024, a total of 47 884 HFMD cases were reported in Liupanshui, with an average annual incidence rate of 108.74/100 000. There were 847 severe cases, with a severe case rate of 1.77%. There were 27 deaths. HFMD remained prevalent and showed a high incidence trend every other year, with the peak incidence mostly from April to July. The district with the highest number of cases was Zhongshan District (17 625 cases, 36.81%), and the district with the lowest number of cases was Liuzhi Special District (3 620 cases, 7.56%). The high-risk groups were mainly scattered children (37 941 cases, 79.24%), followed by children in kindergartens and nurseries (8 103 cases, 16.92%) and students (1 730 cases, 3.61%). The median age of onset was 2 (1, 3) years, especially with a high incidence in the 0-5 years age group (45 209 cases, 94.41%). The male-to-female ratio was 1.54∶1. From 2010 to 2014, the dominant strains of HFMD in Liupanshui were alternately prevalent. After 2015, other enteroviruses became the main dominant strains. The SARIMA (1, 0, 1)(0, 1, 1)12 model was an applicable model, and it is predicted that the incidence rate of HFMD will be 86.53 per 100 000 in 2025. Conclusions Children aged 5 years and under are the key target for the prevention and control of HFMD in Liupanshui. The SARIMA (1, 0, 1) (0, 1, 1)12 model can effectively predict the incidence trend, and its predictive performance can be enhanced through continuous optimization. It is recommended to strengthen health education for key populations, promote EV-A71 vaccination, and improve the etiological surveillance network to achieve precise prevention and control.
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal clustering of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Anqing from 2020 to 2024, and to provide scientific basis for precise prevention and control. Methods The case data of HFMD cases were obtained from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the temporal, spatial, and population distributions, as well as the etiological characteristics. GeoDa 1.22.0.4 software was used for spatial autocorrelation analysis, SaTScan 10.1.2 software was used to conduct spatiotemporal scan analysis. Results From 2020 to 2024, a total of 12 750 HFMD cases were reported, with an average annual incidence rate of 61.50/100 000. The highest incidence rate (93.98/100 000) was recorded in 2022. The top three areas with the highest average incidence rates were Taihu County (131.28/100 000), Yingjiang District (101.90/100 000), and Yixiu District (98.32/100 000). Except for 2020, the overall peak incidence generally occurred from April to July. Except for 2021, the annual incidence distribution showed a single peak in the other years. Children aged 1-4 years had the highest proportion of cases (76.27%). The proportion of incidence among individuals aged 15 years and above was stable. The trends of the incidence proportions of 0, 1, and 3-year-old groups were opposite to those of the 5 and 6-9-year-old groups. From 2021 to 2024, CVA6 and CVA16 serotypes alternated as the predominant strains, and the proportion of CVA6 reached 87.43% in 2023. Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the global Moran’s Ⅰ in each year was significantly positively correlated (Moran’s Ⅰ: 0.179-0.388, P<0.05), and the high-high clustering areas shifted from rural areas (Taihu County and Yuexi County from 2020 to 2022) to the urban areas (Yingjiang District in 2023). Five first-class clustering areas were identified through annual spatiotemporal scanning, and a total of 1 first-class clustering area and 5 second-class clustering areas were identified through overall spatiotemporal scanning. Conclusion HFMD incidence in Anqing from 2020 to 2024 exhibited obvious spatiotemporal clustering. The peak incidence period is from April to July. Scattered children aged 1-4 years are the key population. Taihu County, Yuexi County, Huaining County, as well as the main urban area of Yingjiang District and its surrounding densely populated towns (streets) are the key prevention and control areas. Prevention and control work for key populations and areas should be further strengthened before and during the epidemic period.
Objective To analyze the seasonal epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Huaiyin District of Huai’an, Jiangsu Province from 2014 to 2023, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating HFMD prevention and control strategies. Methods The concentration degree and circular distribution method were used to analyze the seasonal distribution characteristics of monthly incidence data of HFMD from 2014 to 2023, and the epidemic patterns were explored year by year. Results A total of 7 940 HFMD cases were reported in Huaiyin District from 2014 to 2023, with an average annual incidence rate of 102.31/100 000. The overall incidence showed a significant decreasing trend (AAPC=-10.164%, P<0.001). Most cases were children aged 5 years and below (96.12%), and the incidence rate was higher in males than that in females. Concentration degree analysis showed that the combined M-value was 0.359, indicating a certain degree of seasonality. The circular distribution analysis revealed that the epidemic peak period was from March 14 to August 28, with the average peak day occurred on June 6. Bimodal epidemic patterns were observed in some years. Conclusion The incidence of HFMD in Huaiyin District exhibits clear seasonality, predominantly peaking in spring and summer. It is recommended to strengthen surveillance in key settings and health education for key populations prior to the epidemic season.
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of rubella in Hefei from 2014 to 2023, and to provide a theoretical basis for its prevention and control. Methods The reported cases of rubella in Hefei from 2014 to 2023 were collected from the Chinese Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, and the incidence characteristics of rubella in Hefei were descriptively analyzed by Excel 2007 software. Results From 2014 to 2023, a total of 424 rubella cases were reported in Hefei, with an average annual reporting rate of 0.53/100 000. In 2015 and 2019, there were two peaks of reported cases of rubella, with incidence rates of 1.25/100 000 and 2.72/100 000, respectively, and no deaths were observed. However, after the second peak, the incidence rate rapidly decreased to a low level in 2020 (0.10/100 000) and tended to stabilize. Cases were reported in all counties (cities and districts), the average annual incidence rates of Shushan District (0.99/100 000) and Feixi County (2.00/100 000) were higher than the city’s average level, and the reported incidence rate of Chaohu (0.06/100 000) was the lowest. The onset time was mainly from March to June (55.42%, 235/424), and the peak incidence was from April to May (36.79%, 156/424) of all cases. The reported incidence rates of rubella in males and females were 0.63/100 000 and 0.39/100 000, respectively. The age of onset was mainly 15-29 years old, accounting for 75.47% (320/424) of all cases. Workers (182 cases,42.92%) were the main patients, followed by students (80 cases, 18.87%). Among the reported rubella cases, 3.30%, 5.66%, 5.90% and 85.38% cases were immunized with 0 dose, 1 dose, 2 doses, and unknown rubella-containing vaccines. Conclusion Except for 2015 and 2019, the incidence of rubella in Hefei showed a downward trend. However, the age of onset shifted from younger to older age. Measures should be taken to guarantee complete vaccination rates in age-eligible children, provide timely catch-up vaccinations for missed cases, and enhance rubella monitoring systems.
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal distribution of tuberculosis (TB) in Huangshan from 2020 to 2024, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating targeted prevention and control strategies. Methods The data of reported TB cases in Huangshan from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2024, were collected from the Infectious Disease Surveillance System of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics. Global and local spatial autocorrelation analyses were performed by using ArcGIS 10.8 software. Spatiotemporal scan analysis was conducted by using SaTScan 9.5 software. Results A total of 2 691 TB cases were registered in Huangshan from 2020 to 2024, with an average annual registered incidence rate of 40.66/100 000. The incidence rate showed a significant decreasing trend （APC=-3.75, 95%CI: -5.04 to -2.59）. The majority of cases were male (71.68%), elderly (aged≥60 years, 52.55%), and farmers (67.19%). Global spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated spatial clustering of the incidence rates in the years 2020, 2023, and 2024 (Moran’s Ⅰ were 0.134, 0.133, and 0.149, respectively, P<0.05). Local spatial autocorrelation analysis identified several towns in Xiuning County, She County, and Huizhou District as "high-high" clustering areas. Spatiotemporal scanning analysis revealed two statistically significant clustering areas: Type Ⅰ clustering areas were concentrated in 14 townships including Guilin Town (from March 1, 2020 to July 31, 2021, RR=1.624, P<0.001); Type Ⅱ clustering areas were concentrated in 7 townships including Qiyunshan Town (from April 1, 2021 to August 31, 2021, RR=2.667, P<0.001). Conclusion The registered incidence rate of TB in Huangshan showed an overall downward trend from 2020 to 2024, but exhibited significant spatiotemporal clustering. Male, elderly people and farmers are high-risk groups. Targeted prevention and control measures should be taken to effectively control the epidemic.
Objective To analyze the impact of incorporating a two-dose varicella vaccine in the immunization program in Yizheng City, Jiangsu Province on the epidemiological characteristics of varicella, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating and improving the varicella vaccine immunization program. Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was employed to compare varicella incidence data before (2018-2022) and after (2023-2024) the implementation of the immunization program. The reported incidence rate, and temporal, regional, population distributions, and changes in outbreaks were analyzed. Results After the implementation of the immunization program, the average annual reported incidence rate of varicella in Yizheng was 75.18/100 000, which decreased by 33.20% compared to the period before implementation (112.54/100 000). The reported incidence of varicella in Yizheng exhibited a bimodal distribution, with the main peak occurring from November to January of the following year and the secondary peak from May to July. The decrease in the reported incidence rate in males (35.97%) was higher than that in females (30.05%). The reported incidence rates significantly decreased in the 0-4, 5-9 and ≥25 age groups (decreased by 69.17%, 60.47% and 25.26%, respectively), but increased in the 10-14 age group (increased by 28.48%). Students consistently constituted the main affected population. After the immunization program, outbreaks in kindergartens and primary schools significantly decreased, and the coverage rate of the second dose increased from 2.99% to 96.37%. Conclusion The two-dose varicella vaccine immunization strategy significantly reduces the reported incidence rate and outbreaks among young children, but the reported incidence rate among adolescents shows an upward trend. It is necessary to continue to improve vaccination coverage and strengthen surveillance, prevention and control among adolescence.
Objective To investigate the epidemic characteristics and spatial distribution patterns of varicella in Gulou District of Nanjing from 2013 to 2024, and to provide a scientific basis for optimizing prevention and control strategies and healthcare resource allocation. Methods The data of reported varicella cases in Gulou District of Nanjing were collected. Joinpoint 5.3.0 software was employed to analyze the trend in reported incidence rate of varicella, and ArcGIS 10.2 software was used to perform global spatial autocorrelation analysis and to identify hotspot areas. Results A total of 7 649 varicella cases were reported during the study period, with an average annual reported incidence rate of 55.99/100 000. The varicella outbreak generally showed an upward trend (AAPC=36.68%, 95%CI: 27.19%-60.93%). Case distribution exhibited seasonality, with a bimodal pattern: the primary peak occurred from October to January of the following year, and a secondary peak was observed in June. The male-to-female ratio was 1.20∶1. Crowds classified as students, kindergarten children and scattered children were more likely to suffer from varicella. The median age of patients from 2013 to 2020 [8(5, 13) years] was significantly lower than that from 2021 to 2024 [15(10, 22) years] (Z=-28.241, P<0.001). Global spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed significant spatial autocorrelation from 2016 to 2020 (P<0.05), indicating positive spatial correlation. Local spatial autocorrelation analysis identified a total of 17 “high-high” clustering areas, primarily concentrated in streets with high population density of the main urban area, which was consistent with the high-incidence regions identified by descriptive analysis. Conclusion The reported incidence rate of varicella in Gulou District of Nanjing from 2013 to 2024 shows an overall upward trend and a significant spatial clustering. These clustering areas are predominantly located in the central urban areas characterized by high population density and high transmission risk. The high-risk age for varicella is shifting older. It is recommended to strengthen varicella surveillance during peak periods and in key areas, and to continuously implement varicella vaccination targeting high-risk populations.
Objective To analyze the results of opportunistic screening for upper gastrointestinal cancer in Huangshan from 2022 to 2024, and to provide evidence for optimizing screening strategies. Methods Based on data from the national project platform, patients from six hospitals in Huangshan were included. Patients underwent painless or conventional endoscopy based on preference, with staining and biopsy performed according to the national protocol. Statistical analysis was conducted using SAS 9.4 software, pathological biopsy rate, positive lesion detection rate, and early diagnosis rate were calculated and compared by sex, age, staining status, endoscopy type, and source of screening subjects. Results A total of 65 373 individuals were included. The overall pathological biopsy rate for upper gastrointestinal lesions was 36.79% (esophagus: 2.95%, cardia: 1.51%, stomach: 33.10%). Positive lesions were detected in 1 779 cases, with a detection rate of 2.72%. Among these, 340 cases were early-stage lesions, with an early diagnosis rate of 19.11%. The detection rate of positive lesions increased with age (χ2trend =40.567, P<0.001), and was higher in males than in females (χ2=398.289, P<0.001). The detection rate of positive lesions was higher in hospitalized patients than in outpatients and physical examination populations (χ2=1 085.719, P<0.001). The detection rate and early diagnosis rate of chemical staining group and electronic+chemical staining group were significantly higher than those in no staining group and electronic staining alone group (χ2=294.726, P<0.001; χ2=137.169, P<0.001). The early diagnosis rate of painless endoscopy group was higher than that of the conventional endoscopy group (χ2=5.363, P=0.021). Conclusion The detection rate for opportunistic screening of upper gastrointestinal cancer in Huangshan is acceptable, but the early diagnosis rate remains relatively low. Standardized training and quality control should be enhanced, along with promoting painless gastroscopy and chemical staining techniques. Targeted health education for high-risk groups, such as males and older adults, is essential to improve early diagnosis and screening effectiveness.
Objective To investigate the current status of parental nurturing care ability among parents of infants aged 0-3 years in Ma’anshan City, Anhui Province, and to analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide evidence for formulating family support scientific strategies. Methods From April 2024 to August 2024, a convenience sampling method was used to select 3 346 families of infants aged 0-3 years from six counties/districts in Ma’anshan City for questionnaire surveys. The Parental Caregiving Ability Assessment Scale was applied to evaluate their nurturing care ability, and self-designed questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic data. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to explore influencing factors. Results The abnormal detection rate of the total parenting and caregiving ability score was 16.56%. The abnormal detection rates for each dimension, from highest to lowest, were as follows: nutrition and feeding (32.85%), common disease prevention (25.13%), play and experience (24.15%), safety and security (21.97%), parenting concepts and methods (14.26%), and responsive caregiving (10.88%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that preterm birth was associated with an increased risk of abnormal caregiving ability (OR=1.465, 95%CI: 1.001-2.145), while female gender of the child (OR=0.813, 95%CI: 0.674-0.980), maternal education level of college/bachelor’s degree (OR=0.668, 95%CI: 0.536-0.832), and higher monthly household income per capita (¥3 000-<¥6 000: OR=0.468, 95%CI: 0.350-0.626; ≥¥6 000: OR=0.291, 95%CI: 0.216-0.393) were associated with a decreased risk. Conclusion Deficiencies exist in parental nurturing care ability among caregivers in Ma’anshan City, which is influenced by multiple factors. Greater attention should be paid to families with male gender of the child, preterm infants, lower maternal education levels, and lower monthly per capita income. Targeted parenting support should be provided to enhance nurturing skills and promote the all-round development of infants in early stages.
