Objective To compare the clinical characteristics of pulmonary cryptococcosis between patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection. Methods he clinical data of 40 patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of China University of science and technology from 2012 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed,and the clinical characteristics of pulmonary cryptococcosis between HIV infected and non HIV infected patients were compared. Results A total of 40 patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis were enrolled,18 in the HIV group and 22 in the non- HIV group. The mean age of the patients in the HIVgroup was (37.6±12.2) years old,and the mean age of the non-HIV group was (47.8±19.1) years. The difference was statistically significant (P=0.049). Patients in the HIV group had fever mainly,accounting for 55.6%,and patients in the non-HIV group coughed 31.8%. Multiple nodules/mass shadows in both lungs in the HIV group accounted for 50.0%,which were more common,and single nodules/mass shadows in the lungs in the non-HIV group were more common,accounting for 36.4%. The main pathological manifestations of the HIV infection group were mucus glue (72.2%),and the non-HIV infection group was inflammatory granuloma (68.2%). In HIV infection group,18 cases were improved after antifungal treatment,1 case in non HIV infection group was cured by surgical resection and antifungal therapy,2 cases were deteriorated due to cryptococcal meningitis,3 cases died of cryptococcal septicemia,and the remaining 16 cases were improved. Conclusion The clinical characteristics of two groups of pulmonary cryptococci patients were significantly different,which should be paid attention to in the process of clinical diagnosis and treatment.