Objective To understand the incidence of postpartum depression in the delivery women of Wuhu maternal and child health and family planning service center,and to explore the influencing factors of postpartum depression in different periods of time. Methods Using the method of one-to-one questionnaire,we investigated and analyzed the parturients in our center at 3-7d and 42-56d postnatally.Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of postpartum depression. Results There were 50 patients with EPDS≥13 on the 3rd to 7th day of postpartum,with a positive rate of 7.52%.81 patients with EPDS≥13 on the 42nd to 56th day of postpartum,with a positive rate of 12.18%.There was a significant difference in the positive rate of depression screening (P＜0.01).The risk of postpartum depression of parturient women with poor sleep (OR=4.226,95% CI=1.211-14.752) and consistent gender expectation (OR=2.751,95% CI=1.332-5.681) increased on the 3rd to 7th day of postpartum.The risk of postpartum depression of parturient women with poor sleep (OR=11.909,95% CI=4.192-33.834) and poor relationship with their parents in law (OR=3.403,95% CI=2.023-5.726) increased on the 42th to 56th day of postpartum.Not worrying about body shape recovery is the protective factor of depression in on the 42th to 56th day of postnatal (OR= 0.415,95% CI=0.221-0.778). Conclusion Postpartum depression screening should be carried out in time on the 3rd to 7th day of postpartum,which can enhance the psychological guidance for the population with high risk of depression and reduce the incidence of postpartum depression.