Objective To analyze the role of laboratory test in the investigation and analysis of tuberculosis(TB) epidemics in schools,and to provide evidence for enriching the prevention and control measures of tuberculosis in schools. Methods According to the "Code of Practice for Prevention and Control of School Tuberculosis",TB screening was conducted for close contacts and general contacts of TB patients in a school,and relevant specimens were collected for laboratory testing. Results In this school,5 cases of tuberculosis were found.A total of 160 close contacts and general contacts were screened and tested in the laboratory.PPD test was highly positive in 15 people,with a strong positive rate of 9.38%.Of the 5 confirmed patients,4 were positive for etiology,1 was smear-positive,3 were positive for culture,and 4 were positive for molecular biology. Conclusion School is a high-risk place for tuberculosis epidemic.Laboratory pathogen detection plays an important role in the discovery of infectious sources.It is necessary to pay attention to the application of new diagnostic techniques in the detection process.