Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of epidemic encephalitis B in Pingluo County in 2018 and explore the reasons for the rising incidence of epidemic encephalitis B. Methods Data of epidemic encephalitis B surveillance,mosquito vector surveillance and epidemiological investigation in Pingluo County in 2018 were collected to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and causes of epidemic encephalitis B by descriptive epidemiological analysis. Results In 2018,a total of 44 cases of epidemic encephalitis B was reported,with a reported incidence rate of 15.73 / 100,000 and 9 deaths,with a reported mortality rate of 3.22 / 100,000 and case fatality rate of 20.45%.In rural areas,93.18% of the cases occurred in people over 50 years of age.Culex tritaeniorhynchus was the main of mosquito vector,accounting for 65.52%. Conclusion There were obvious regional and population distribution characteristics of epidemic encephalitis B cases in Pingluo County in 2018,and the density of Culex tritaeniorhynchus was high in 2018.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen mosquito vector monitoring and early warning,and carry out intervention for key population.