Objective To understand and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of syphilis in Anyue County,and to provide an important basis for formulating prevention and control measures of syphilis. Methods The data of syphilis case reports in Anyue County from 2010 to 2019 were collected and the epidemic characteristics of syphilis were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results From 2010 to 2019,a total of 3,111 syphilis cases were reported in Anyue County.Among them,1,041 cases were reported in other places.The incidence of syphilis increased from 2010 to 2012,and decreased from 2012 to 2014,and then,from 2015 to 2018,it tended to be stable,and there was a slight upward trend in 2019.The clinical types of syphilis were mostly recessive syphilis,with a total of 1,874 cases.1,589 males and 1,522 females,and there was no significant difference in the incidence of syphilis among the different sex groups (X²=3.851,P= 0.921).The incidence of syphilis was highest among the 15-59 age group,the number of cases was higher among the rural population,and the occupation type with the highest incidence rate was the farmer. Conclusion The incidence of syphilis in Anyue County is generally stable.The floating population and the young and middle-aged people are the focus of prevention and control.