Objective To understand the incidence and severity of poor eyesight among primary and secondary school students in Caofeidian District,and to provide scientific basis for the implementation of common disease intervention measures and health promotion in primary and secondary schools. Methods A total of 5 985 students from 6 urban and 7 rural primary and secondary schools in Caofeidian District of Tangshan City were randomly selected from 2-3 classes in each grade for the survey of naked eye distant vision. Results The overall poor vision rate of primary and secondary school students in Caofeidian district was 66.82%,of which the mild,moderate and severe poor vision rates were 14.07%,24.64% and 28.10% respectively.The rate of poor eyesight of primary school students,junior high school students and senior high school students was 50.76%,78.15%,and 89.15% respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(χ²=729.964,P＜0.001).The poor vision rate of boys (61.04%) was lower than that of girls (72.57%),the difference was statistically significant(χ²=89.689,P＜0.001).The poor vision rate of boarding junior high school students (81.13%) was higher than that of non boarding junior high school students (77.04%),and the difference was not statistically significant(χ²=3.409,P=0.065).The poor eyesight rate of urban junior middle school and primary school students (66.17%) was higher than that of rural students (57.38%),the difference was statistically significant(χ²=36.862,P＜0.001). Conclusion The incidence of poor eyesight among primary and secondary school students in Caofeidian District is relatively high,and it increases with the increase of grades.The prevention and control of poor eyesight among primary and secondary school students should be strengthened.