Objective To analyze the incidence and mortality of malignant tumors in cancer registration areas of Anhui Province. Methods Data from 24 cancer registries reported in 2019 were included in the analysis.The incidence and mortality were stratified by regions and gender.The incidence of malignant tumors (mortality), the order of incidence and death of the top 10 malignant tumors, and the composition ratio were calculated according to different regions and genders.The incidence rate (mortality) was standardized by using China's standard population and world population. Results The crude incidence rate in Anhui cancer registration areas was 271.34/10⁵(males 308.90/10⁵, females 231.80/10⁵), age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population and by world standard population were 179.70/10⁵ and 175.99/10⁵ with the cumulative incidence rate (0-74 age years old) of 20.43%.The mortality in Anhui cancer registration areas was 166.95/10⁵(214.93/10⁵ in male and 116.44/10⁵ in female), age-standardized mortality by Chinese standard population and by world standard population were 102.04/10⁵ and 100.65/10⁵, and the cumulative mortality rate (0-74 age years old) was 11.56%. Conclusions Lung cancer,stomach cancer,liver cancer, esophageal cancer, and female breast cancer were main cancers in Anhui province.The prevention and control of risk factors related to cancer incidence and death in male and health education for men’s cancer prevention and control should be strengthened, and health education for men’s cancer prevention and control should be strengthened.In rural areas, curbing the rapid growth of cancer incidence and death is the main task of Anhui Province.