Objective To analyze the results of influenza surveillance in Anhui Province from 2018 to 2020,and explore the incidence characteristics and pathogenic change trend of influenza like illness,so as to provide scientific basis for accurate influenza prevention and control. Methods According to influenza-like illness surveillance information reported by influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals and influenza virus detection results from influenza laboratories in Anhui Province from 2018 to 2020 in the China Influenza Surveillance Information System,statistical analysis was carried out. Results The number of outpatient and emergency visits in 24 sentinel hospitals in Anhui province from 2018 to 2020 was 14 927 130 cases,from which 613 498 were ILI cases,with ILI% of 4.11%,53.64% in the age group of 0-4 years old and 3.50% in the age group of 60 years old and above.A total of 581 influenza-like illness were reported in the province from 2018 to 2020,with 67 456 and 58 cases in each year.Most cases occurring in the winter and spring seasons.A total of 78 475 samples of influenza like illness were detected in 17 influenza monitoring network laboratories in Anhui Province 2018 to 2020,of which 11 799 were positive,with a positive rate of 15.04%.The detection rate of new influenza A H1 in 2018 and 2019 was higher,65.89% and 42.16%,respectively.The dominant strain of influenza in 2020 was type B Victoria lineage,with statistically significant differences in the positive rate of influenza virus nucleic acid testing in different surveillance years ( χ²=2,900.83,P<0.001). Conclusion The winter and spring of 2018—2020 are still the key period for influenza prevention and control in Anhui Province,and preschool children aged 0-4 years are the key population for prevention and control.The predominant strain differs in different surveillance years.Influenza surveillance should be continuously strengthened to provide evidence for influenza prevention and control.