Objective To investigate the prevalence of hypertension among adult residents in Anhui Province and to understand the prevalence of hypertension among the population with different risk factors,so as to provide basis for the prevention and control of hypertension. Methods Multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select residents aged 18 and above from 14 counties/districts in northern Anhui,southern Anhui and central Anhui for questionnaire survey and physical examination.Chi-square test was used to analyze the prevalence of hypertension in people with different characteristics. Results A total of 8 317 residents were included in the analysis,including 4 275 males and 4 042 females.Among 8 317 adult residents,2 027 were hypertension patients,with a prevalence rate of 24.4%.There were 1 062 (24.8%) males with hypertension and 965 (23.9%) females with hypertension.Among people aged over 65,the prevalence of hypertension was as high as 46.8%.Among obese people,the prevalence of hypertension was 38.7%.Among those with a personal history of diabetes,the prevalence of hypertension was as high as 60.9%,about three times that of residents without a history of diabetes.Moreover,alcohol consumption,overweight and obesity were significantly higher in the hypertensive population than in the non-hypertensive population. Conclusion The incidence of hypertension in adult residents of Anhui Province is not high.However,prevention and control of hypertension should be strengthened in key populations such as people over 65 years old,alcohol drinkers,overweight and obese people,and people with a history of diabetes.